IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency PGEC Part IV The International System of Radiation Protection and the Regulatory Framework Module IV 2 Conceptual framework of radiation protection Postgraduate Educational Course in radiation protection and the Safety of Radiation sources

IAEA This module will discuss: The Radiation Protection Framework the contribution of UNSCEAR scientific data ; ICRP recommendations; IAEA - Statutory functions; establishment and implementation of safety standards, legally binding and non-binding instruments Overview of Module IV.2 2

IAEA Radiation Protection Framework UNSCEAR - data on effects of exposure to ionizing radiation 3

IAEA Radiation Protection Framework UNSCEAR - data on effects of exposure to ionizing radiation ICRP - protection philosophy and principles 4

IAEA Co-sponsors EC, FAO, ILO, PAHO, UNEP, WHO, Other inputs including ILO convention 115: occupational radiation protection FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission (food contamination guides) Radiation Protection Framework UNSCEAR - data on effects of exposure to ionizing radiation ICRP - protection philosophy and principles IAEA - basic safety standards requirements, and other requirements (eg transport) 5

IAEA Co-sponsors EC, FAO, ILO, PAHO, UNEP, WHO, Other inputs including ILO convention 115: occupational radiation protection FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission (food contamination guides) Radiation Protection Framework UNSCEAR - data on effects of exposure to ionizing radiation ICRP - protection philosophy and principles IAEA - basic safety standards requirements, and other requirements (eg transport) Member States - legislation, regulation Member State: Legislation, regulation, rules etc 6

IAEA Importance of UNSCEAR  The official international authority on the levels and effects of ionizing radiation, used for peaceful as well as military purposes and derived from natural as well as man-made sources.  Systematically reviews and evaluates global and regional levels and trends of medical exposure, as well as exposure of the public and workers.  Influences the programmes of international bodies such as the ICRP, IAEA, WHO & ILO. 7

IAEA Importance of ICRP recommendations  ICRP consider data from medical, occupational, and environmental studies – in particular as published by UNSCEAR  ICRP is an advisory body that offers its recommendations to regulatory and advisory agencies, mainly by providing guidance on the fundamental principles on which appropriate radiological protection can be based.  International organisations and national authorities responsible for radiological protection, as well as the users, have taken the recommendations and principles issued by ICRP as a key basis for their protective actions. As such, virtually all international standards and national regulations addressing radiological protection are based on ICRP recommendations. 8

IAEA ICRP recommendations  ICRP103 para (26)“ The primary aim of the Commission’s Recommendations is to contribute to an appropriate level of protection for people and the environment against the detrimental effects of radiation exposure without unduly limiting the desirable human actions that may be associated with such exposure.”  Includes 3 Key Principles of Radiological Protection Justification Optimisation Limitation 9

IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) The IAEA publish  International safety standards, and international conventions, related to nuclear & radiation safety (may be either binding or non-binding).  Nuclear Security Guidelines – Fundamentals, Recommendations, Implementing Guides, & Technical Guidance  Information on the uses and applications of radiation, radioactive material, & nuclear energy 10

IAEA IAEA link to ICRP & UNSCEAR September 2005 IAEA General Conference agree the Agency should “…undertake a review of the BSS taking account of developments in radiation protection, knowledge and guidance, including to the extent possible the advice and information provided by ICRP and UNSCEAR.” 11

IAEA SAFETY STANDARDS HIERARCHY Safety Guides Safety Requirements Safety Fundamentals

IAEA CATEGORIES OF STANDARDS Safety Fundamentals  A single document sets out principles for protecting people and the environment Safety Requirements  Establish requirements: what has to be done (‘shalls’) to apply these principles in meeting objectives Safety Guides  Set out recommended ways (‘shoulds’) of meeting the requirements

IAEA Application of Safety Standards  By the Secretariat: Safety reviews; Safety reviews; TC mission; TC mission; Training activities. Training activities.  Through the process of safety related conventions  By Co-sponsoring organizations  Through meetings of Commission and committees

IAEA Examples of IAEA binding legal instruments  Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency  Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident  The Convention on Nuclear Safety and the Joint Convention (1) include radiation protection obligations  Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management  ILO Convention 115: the ILO and IAEA collaborate in establishing and applying occupational radiation safety standards. 15

IAEA Examples of IAEA non-binding legal instruments  International Basic Safety Standards for Protection against Ionizing Radiation and for the Safety of Radiation Sources; co-sponsorship important (BSS supported by more detailed guidance)  Code of Conduct on the Safety and Security of Radioactive Sources  Regulations for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material (Safety Series No. TS-R-1)  Safety Requirements on Preparedness and Response to a Nuclear or Radiological Emergency (Safety Standards Series No. GS-R-2) 16

IAEA UNSCEAR, Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation Report to the General Assembly with Scientific Annexes.Vol. II: Effects. United Nations, New York, NY UNSCEAR, Hereditary Effects of Ionizing Radiation. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation Report to the General Assembly with Scientific Annexes. United Nations, New York, NY. UNSCEAR, Effects of Ionizing Radiation. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation Report to the General Assembly with Scientific Annexes. United Nations, New York, NY Further information 17