CHAPTER THREE Charismatic and Transformational Leadership

Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company, Inc. All rights reserved3 - 2 Learning Objectives Achieve a comprehensive understanding of the meaning and types of charismatic leadership. Describe many of the traits and behaviors of charismatic leaders. Explain the visionary component of charismatic leadership. Explain the communication style of charismatic leaders.

Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company, Inc. All rights reserved3 - 3 Learning Objectives Have an action plan for developing your charisma. Explain the nature of transformational leadership. Describe the concerns about charismatic leadership from the scientific and moral standpoint.

Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company, Inc. All rights reserved3 - 4 Charisma Defined Charisma has been defined various ways Charisma is a Greek word meaning “divinely inspired gift” In leadership, charisma is a special quality of leaders whose purposes, powers, and extraordinary determination differentiate them from others

Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company, Inc. All rights reserved3 - 5 Charisma: A Relationship Key to charismatic leadership is the interaction between leader and group members Charismatic qualities must be attributed to the leader by group members Charismatic leaders use impression management to cultivate their relationships with group members

Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company, Inc. All rights reserved3 - 6 The Effects of Charisma Group members –trust the leader’s beliefs –have beliefs similar to those of the leader –accept the leader unquestioningly –have affection for the leader –willingly obey the leader –identify with and attempt to emulate the leader

Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company, Inc. All rights reserved3 - 7 The Effects of Charisma Group members –have emotional involvement in the mission –have heightened goals –feel that they will be able to accomplish, or to contribute to the accomplishment of the mission

Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company, Inc. All rights reserved3 - 8 Halpert’s Dimensions of Charisma

Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company, Inc. All rights reserved3 - 9 Types of Charismatic Leaders Socialized charismatics restrain the use of power to benefit others Personalized charismatics exercise few restraints on power to serve their own interests

Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company, Inc. All rights reserved Types of Charismatic Leaders Office-holder charismatics attain their charisma from the position they hold Personal charismatics gain esteem from others’ faith in them as people Divine charismatics are endowed with a gift of divine grace

Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company, Inc. All rights reserved Characteristics Visionary Masterful communication skills Ability to inspire trust Able to make group members feel capable Energy and action orientation Emotional expressiveness and warmth Romanticize risk Unconventional strategies Self-promoting personality Dramatic and unique

Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company, Inc. All rights reserved Vision in Charismatic Leadership Vision is the ability to imagine different and better conditions and ways to achieve them A vision is a lofty, long-term goal Charismatic leaders inspire others with their vision

Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company, Inc. All rights reserved Communication Management by Inspiration –Using metaphors and analogies to appeal to the intellect, imagination, and values of group members –Gearing language to different audiences Management by Anecdote –Inspiring and instructing team members by telling fascinating stories

Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company, Inc. All rights reserved Developing Charisma Create visions for others Be enthusiastic, optimistic, and energetic Be sensibly persistent Remember names of people Make an impressive appearance Be candid Display an in-your-face attitude

Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company, Inc. All rights reserved Transformational Leadership The transformational leader helps bring about major, positive changes Transformational leaders move group members beyond their self-interests for the good of the group, organization, or society

Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company, Inc. All rights reserved How Transformations Take Place

Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company, Inc. All rights reserved Attributes of Transformational Leaders Charismatic Create a vision Encourage the personal development of their staff Provide supportive leadership Practice empowerment Innovative thinking Lead by example

Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company, Inc. All rights reserved Concerns About Charismatic Leadership According to the concept of leadership polarity, leaders are often either revered or vastly unpopular Charisma may not be necessary for leadership effectiveness Charismatic leadership has a dark side Some charismatic and transformational leaders neglect their social responsibility

Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company, Inc. All rights reserved Summary Charisma is a special quality of some leaders that differentiates them from others Charismatic leaders often contribute to group members’ attributions of their charismatic qualities through impression management The effects of charismatic leadership can be organized into three dimensions: referent power, expert power, and job involvement

Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company, Inc. All rights reserved Summary There are five types of charismatic leaders: socialized, personalized, office-holder, personal, and divine Charismatic and transformational leaders are able to articulate a vision in such a way as to inspire others Charisma can be developed There may be a dark side to charismatic leadership