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Urban Technology: As cities grow, urban planning becomes a must! - skyscrapers : (The Bessemer Process and inventions of elevators make this possible) limited space in the cities = idea of growing upward Louis Sullivan: Wainwright Building in St. Louis Frank L. Wright: well known architect that studied under Sullivan and designed sky scrapers -bridges—Brooklyn Bridge (1867) -electric transit systems—Elevated trains, subways, streetcars make mass transit of city dwellers possible Frederick Olmstead: idea of urban planning or city planning develops, he developed plans for NYC, Washington, D.C. and Boston, led movement to bring serenity back to cities -parks and recreation areas emerged -landscaping in public areas
Inventions -first flight, Dec. 17, 1903 in Kitty Hawk, NC Wright Brothers -flight will lead to air mail -printing revolutions— improvements in the printing press, increased literacy, and mill production of cheap paper will allow publications like books, newspapers, and magazines to soar -photography-professional activity before George Eastman developed the Kodak camera which created amateur photography -radio Nikola Tesla, Marconi
Public Education -growth of public education: first kindergarten develops, more kids start to attend school -most city children could attend school with -increase in high schools— economy and industry will demand more skilled and intelligent peoples -few opportunities for minorities: Less than 1% of blacks will attend high school
Higher Education - Morrill Act, 1862 establishes land grant colleges focusing on agriculture and mechanics, aimed to reach new populations (farmers and working class) -only small number of college students -change in the curriculum of colleges— go from strictly liberal arts (general knowledge, literature, art, math, etc.) to research based institutions with emphasis on sciences and professional schools
Literature and Art -realism: life-like depiction Thomas Eakins (painter and realist) Ashcan School- realist art movement -art galleries, public libraries develop -Samuel Clemens aka Mark Twain humorous writings about mankind -Stephen Crane- Red Badge of Courage about a soldier Civil War -Jack London-The Call of the Wild based on gold rushes in Alaska -Dime Novels: short popular novels of adventure and fiction
Leisure Time -Amusement Parks Coney Island, NY -bicycle craze: leisure activity for men and women, gives women independence *signified freedom for women and helped introduce new more relaxed dress for females* -tennis: popular sport Leisure and sport activities lead to snacks and brand names: -Hershey bars -Coca-Cola, Pepsi
Sports/Entertainment -baseball: started as pick-up and rules made it professional, NYC first baseball club, by 1876 NL and 1900 AL, st world series -boxing: another popular sport of entertainment of the time -vaudeville, circus: song, dance, juggling, comedy, etc. -ragtime music: mix of slave spirituals and European music John Roache's Ragtime MIDI Library - "The Maple Leaf Rag" -motion pictures: known as the silver screen, silent film in 10 min. segments
Sports/Entertainment
Mass Media -Yellow journalism made-up exaggerated stories to encourage people to buy newspaper sensationalism promotions **Competition develops between Pulitzer and Hearst to see who can sale the most papers = even more fabrication** -Joseph Pulitzer immigrant, NY World -William Randolph Hearst NY Journal
Retail Revolution -shopping centers are located where mass transit can bring people which create special areas in cities -department stores- idea of departments and bargain shopping “Give the woman what she wants” -chain stores- quantity over personal service -advertising— industry takes off, uses flyers to advertise, newspapers, magazines, billboards) -mail order catalogs bring shopping to the rural by catalog --creation of Rural Free Delivery via US Postal service