CHAPTER 4- PLANTING COLONIES SPAIN BUILDS AN EMPIRE FRENCH AND DUTCH SETTLEMENTS FIRST ENGLISH COLONIES: JAMESTOWN AND PLYMOUTH

SPANISH GOVERMENTS KING DIVIDED NEW WORLD INTO NEW SPAIN AND PERU EACH REGION HAD A VICEROY WHO RULED IN THE NAME OF THE KING LAW OF THE INDIES ALLOWED 3 SETTLEMENTS PUEBLOS-TOWNS THAT WERE THE CENTER OF TRADE AND FARMING PRESIDIOS-FORTS TO HOUSE SOLDIERS AND PROTECT THE COLONY MISSIONS-SET UP TO CONVERT NATIVE AMERICANS TO CATHOLICISM

SPANISH SOCIAL CLASSES PENINSULARES-BORN IN SPAIN; OWNED MUCH LAND; LIVED IN CITIES; ONLY ONES WHO COULD GOVERN CREOLES-DESCENDED FROM THE PENINSULARES; WEALTH, WELL-EDUCATED. OWNED LARGE FARMS AND LAND MESTIZOS-MIXED BACKGROUND-SPANISH AND INDIAN BACKGROUND;WORKED ON FARMS BUT SOME WERE SKILLED CRAFTSMEN NATIVE AMERICANS-KEPT IN POVERTY; MANY WERE KILLED DUE TO WARS AND DISEASE

DESTRUCTION OF NATIVE AMERICANS SPAIN SET UP PLANTATIONS ENSLAVED, TAXED, FOUND GOLD AND FORCED NATIVES TO WORK IN THE MINES DEATH FROM DISEASE-NO IMMUNITY FROM SMALLPOX, MEALSES AND TYPHOID ATTEMPTS TO PROTECT NATIVES-BARTOLOME DE LAS CASAS ENDED ENSLAVEMENT OF NATIVE AMERICANS ENCOURAGED THE IMPORTATION OF AFRICAN SLAVES-AGRICULTURAL WORKERS AND IMMUNE TO EUROPEAN DISEASES PLANTATION ESTABLISHED AND THOUSANDS OF SLAVES BROUGHT TO AMERICA LAS CASAS LATER REGRETTED HIS IDEA.

SPANISH CULTURE-(LANGUAGE AND RELIGION) SPREADS THROUGHOUT THE NEW WORLD AND REMAINS TO THIS DAY

French and Dutch Colonies European nations were interested in the wealth generated by the Spanish colonies. They would not find any gold but Did generate wealth through the fur trade.

First French settlements Settled Canada, the Great Lakes, the St. Lawrence, the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico Verrazano-explored much of the east coast including New York and the Narragansett Bay Champlain-started a colony in Quebec, 1608, which became a major center of the fur trade. Marquette & Joilet-Sailed on the Mississippi and attempted to convert Native Americans to Catholicism, 1673. LaSalle-explored the entire Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico and named the entire area, Louisiana French forts were build along the major rivers and trading post were set up. Due to poor farming conditions, these colonies (population) grew very slowly but much profit was made on “French Gold”-the fur trade.

DUTCH & SWEDISH SETTLEMENT BOTH CAME DUE TO FUR TRADE DUTCH SETTLED AROUND THE HUDSON RIVER IN NY NEW AMSTERDAM (NEW YORK) FOUNDED BY PETER MINUIT. FORTS BUILT ALONG THE RIVER ES. FORT ORANGE (ALBANY) SWEDEN STARTED COLONIES ALONG THE DELAWARE RIVER IN NEW JERSEY-FUR TRADE DUTCH TAKE NEW SWEDEN IN 1655 ENGLAND TOOK ALL THIS TERRITORY IN A WAR IN 1664.

England’s first colony- “The Lost Colony” Roanoke, VA. 1587 Sir Walter Raleigh raised $ and John White with 117 others along with his daughter who gave birth to the first English child (Virginia Dare) born in the New World White returned to England for more supplies, but couldn’t return until 1590. The colony and all colonists were gone

Jamestown-First Permanent Colony, 1607 Financed by the Virginia Company, a joint-stock company Almost failed--Settlers only wanted to find gold & not prepare shelter or start farms Saved by John Smith’s “No work, no food” policy and by 1609 over 500 settlers had arrived

Jamestown-First Permanent Colony, 1607 The “Starving Time” almost ended the colony when over half died due to starvation and sickness Native Americans helped to save 60 by giving the English food Colony was saved economically by John Rolfe who introduced tobacco

Representative Government Governor sent to VA with orders to consult with the settlers Land owners elected burgesses (representatives) who met in the House of Burgesses to make laws for the colony Idea of self-government rooted in the Magna Carta signed in 1215 when the Great Council grew into Parliament.

Settlement of Plymouth Separatists wanted to escape religious persecution in England & began a religious journey--became Pilgrims Separatists wanted to separate from the official church, the Church of England Separatists=Protestants=Pilgrims. Separatists are not Puritans or Catholics. Puritans=Protestants but not Pilgrims

Settlement of Plymouth Pilgrims first go to Leyden in the Netherlands for religious freedom. Had freedom but did not like the Dutch culture Received a charter to settle in VA Left England in September and due to storms ended up off Cape Cod

Settlement of Plymouth A charter was a plan of gov’t to run the colony, but since they were not in VA, the Pilgrims had no charter therefore no government. MAYFLOWER COMPACT-Pilgrims wrote a plan of gov’t to allow the colony to succeed. Colony almost failed and was saved by Samoset and Squanto who taught the Pilgrims how to farm and hunt. In the fall of 1621, they had a good harvest and held a day of thanks--Thanksgiving

Major Differences between Jamestown & Plymouth Only men and boys Went to make profits Most not used to manual labor Plymouth Family units went to the New World Purpose-new life and religious freedom Used to working as farmers and believed that it was God’s will they survive