The Cardiovascular System Heart, blood vessels, blood Heart, blood vessels, blood Function: transportation of O 2, nutrients, cell wastes, and hormones Function: transportation of O 2, nutrients, cell wastes, and hormones
Blood Vessels Arteries- take blood Away from the heart; thick walls (for pumping) Arteries- take blood Away from the heart; thick walls (for pumping) Veins- take blood To the heart Veins- take blood To the heart Capillaries- thin; for gas exchange Capillaries- thin; for gas exchange Can you identify these in the fish? Can you identify these in the fish?
The Heart Size of your fist; ~1 pound Size of your fist; ~1 pound Covering- pericardium Covering- pericardium Coronary arteries Coronary arteries
Watch a heart attack occur
4 Chambers of the Heart Atria- top 2; receive blood in Atria- top 2; receive blood in Ventricles- bottom 2; pump blood out Ventricles- bottom 2; pump blood out Septum- divides right and left parts of heart Septum- divides right and left parts of heart
Flow of Blood- “Double Pump” Pulmonary circulation- right side; blood to lungs Pulmonary circulation- right side; blood to lungs Systemic Circulation- left side; blood to body cells Systemic Circulation- left side; blood to body cells
Valves 4; for 1-way flow of blood 4; for 1-way flow of blood
Activity Finish dissecting your fetal pig and taking pictures of the internal organs. Finish dissecting your fetal pig and taking pictures of the internal organs. Dissect out the heart of the pig and identify the 2 atria and 2 ventricles. Dissect out the heart of the pig and identify the 2 atria and 2 ventricles. Cut into the heart lengthwise and distinguish the left side from the right. How can you tell? Cut into the heart lengthwise and distinguish the left side from the right. How can you tell? Can you identify any heart valves? Can you identify any heart valves?
Composition Centrifuge spins- separates blood into: Centrifuge spins- separates blood into: –Red Blood Cells (living, solid) –Plasma (nonliving, liquid) –Buffy Coat (WBC & platelets)
PLASMA Liquid Liquid 90% water 90% water F(x): transport, distribute body heat F(x): transport, distribute body heat
RED BLOOD CELLS F(x): carry oxygen to cells F(x): carry oxygen to cells –Hemoglobin- iron-containing protein that transports oxygen Outnumber WBC’s 1000:1 Outnumber WBC’s 1000:1 Last days Last days New ones made every 3-5 New ones made every 3-5 days in bone marrow days in bone marrow
Anemia
WHITE BLOOD CELLS Less than 1% of blood Less than 1% of blood Have nuclei and organelles Have nuclei and organelles Defend the body from infection Defend the body from infection
PLATELETS F(x): clotting
Activity: Blood Typing Why are incompatible transfusions fatal? Why are incompatible transfusions fatal?
Blood Groups Antigen- any substance that the body recognizes as foreign Antigen- any substance that the body recognizes as foreign Antibody- released to defend against antigens Antibody- released to defend against antigens Each of us tolerates out “self antigens” on RBC surface Each of us tolerates out “self antigens” on RBC surface Any other antigen is recognized as foreign and an attack of antibodies causes RBC’s to clump (agglutination)- kidney failure Any other antigen is recognized as foreign and an attack of antibodies causes RBC’s to clump (agglutination)- kidney failure
ABO Blood Groups Based on which of the 2 antigens, A or B, a person inherits Based on which of the 2 antigens, A or B, a person inherits Absence of these= type O Absence of these= type O Inherit both= type AB Inherit both= type AB
ABO Blood Groups cont’d.. Blood Group Antigen Antibody (formed after birth) AA Anti- B BBAnti-A AB (universal recipient) A, B none O (universal donor) none Anti- A and Anti- B
Blood Typing Test blood by mixing it with 2 types of immune serum (anti-A and anti-B) Test blood by mixing it with 2 types of immune serum (anti-A and anti-B) Clumping occurs with injection of foreign antibodies Clumping occurs with injection of foreign antibodies Type A blood
Transfusion Reaction
Online Activity –Blood Typing Game