Chapter 3 A New Nation Emerges Lesson 9 – A Clash of Two Empires in Pennsylvania Lesson 10 – Anger Among the Colonists with England’s Rule Lesson 11 – The American Colonies’ Revolutionary War Lesson 12 – A New Nation Emerges

Lesson 9 LEQ's: A Clash of Two Empires in Pennsylvania 1. Why did Philadelphia continue to prosper during colonial days? 2. How did the fur trade help to settle the Pennsylvania wilderness? 3. What was the French and Indian War?

Philadelphia – planned by William Penn – Orderly street and parks – Protected from ocean but had Delaware River – Major trade center European settlers doing well – Native Americans WERE NOT – Diseases – measles and smallpox – Had no resistance to diseases Lesson 9 – A Clash of Two Empires in Pennsylvania

Walking Purchase – 1737 – Delaware Indians would sell a strip of land that covered as much territory as a man could walk in a day and a half – Penn’s sons cheated Natives Cleared path Runners – After William Penn’s death

Wilderness in Pennsylvania – Pelts – animal skins Native Americans were skilled at trapping fur- bearing animals – Europeans wanted furs, known as pelts – Traded pelts for cloths, guns, iron kettles, etc. – No roadways through the wilderness

Trading Posts were set up by trading companies in the wilderness. – Stored items to be traded for pelts Later, forts were built on the sites of these trading posts Conflicts in the wilderness – France and England – set up colonies

Conflicts in the wilderness – France and England – set up colonies – Both countries claimed the same land

French and English followed separate rivers, meeting at forks of the Ohio River (Pittsburgh) – Both claimed territory – Both ready to fight in order keep fur trade French Grand Plan – Central link to establish a water transportation system St. Lawrence River to St. Louis and Mississippi River southward, using great lakes in between

Peace-loving Quakers would not fight Asked for help from Governor Dinwiddie of the Virginia Colony – 1753, 21 year old George Washington was sent out to order French out of the area. – Fort LeBoeuf, near present day Erie, Washington delivered message. – French refused to leave – 1754, Governor of Virginia (Dinwiddie) wanted settlement built at the forks of the Ohio River French captured settlement and built own fort, Fort Duquesne (du kane)

1754, Washington and troops returned to region to save settlement – Built crude roads through thick forests and over rugged hills – Heat of summer Washington set up camp in an open field (40 miles from fort), known as Great Meadows – Native American chief Half-King, tipped off Washington about a French attack – Traveled through night, surprising French and winning. One French soldier escaped to relay news of the battle

Washington set up camp in an open field (40 miles from fort), known as Great Meadows – Native American chief Half-King, tipped off Washington about a French attack – Traveled through night, surprising French and winning. Battle of Jumonville Glen – Battle lasted 15 minutes – Allowed one French soldier escaped to relay news of the battle

1754 – French and Indian War – Lasted nine years in Europe but only six in North America. – English were fighting French over control of the Ohio River Valley (control of North America) – Native Americans helped both sides Tribes who used to fight each other sided with French and Americans and fought once again – Washington returned to Great Meadows and prepared for an attack.

Fort Necessity – ordered built by Washington in preparation of French attack – Weeks later, Washington surrendered to French – French allowed Washington and troops to return to Virginia without weapons – Fort was torn apart and burned 1755 – English sent General Braddock with large army to capture Fort Duquesne – Washington traveled with troops

Ambushed by French while crossing Monongahela River and lost – Fought in traditional European War Tactics French and Indians hid behind trees – Braddock shot in chest and died within days – Buried in the middle of the rough road

1758 – British General Forbes advanced on Fort Duquesne with 8,000 troops – When arrived, fort had been set fire to and French had fled – English built a new, stronger fort at location called Fort Pitt (eventually Pittsburgh) – Victory allowed English rule to continue – English won war within 2 years against French

Native Americans Continued to Fight – Many Native Americans were unhappy with European rule and attacked trading posts and frontier forts in western Pennsylvania – Led by Chief Pontiac – Only 3 forts survived attacks – Forts Bedford, Ligonier, and Pitt. – Battle of Bushy Run Colonel Bouquet led 450 person army against Pontiac Native American attacks lasted until the end of Lasted until American Revolution