Chapter 20 APUSH Mrs. Price “America has never been an empire. We may be the only great power in history that had the chance, and refused – preferring greatness to power and justice to glory.” George W. Bush
Roots of Expansionism & Empire Nationalism 1. Social Darwinists 2. J. Fiske, J. Strong, J. Burgess “The Hierarchy of Race”
Economic Growth: desire for new markets & raw materials US Foreign Investments
Foreign Policy Elite: Prosperity & security of US depended on American influence overseas 1. Henry Cabot Lodge 2. T. Roosevelt 3. J. Blaine 4. Alfred Thayer Mahan: The Influence of the Sea Power on History
Hawaii Historically a way station & site of missionary work 1830s: 1 st sugar plantations Americans damaged native population – diseases, religion, liquor, firearms
Hawaii Timeline 1875: Hawaiian sugar is duty-free in US 1887: US gained naval rights to Pearl Harbor 1890: McKinley Tariff removes exemption on Hawaiian sugar; planters begin to plot revolution
1893: Queen Liliuokalani is overthrown 1898: Hawaii is annexed U.S. View of HawaiiansQueen Liliuokalani
Cuba 1895: Cuban revolt against Spain Rebels use scorched- earth strategy Spanish General Weyler forced Cubans into concentration camps – thousands die of disease & malnutrition
Yellow Journalism New type of newspaper reporting Sensational news Hearst vs. Pulitzer Cuba is a way to sell more papers “You furnish the pictures, I’ll furnish the war.” – Hearst to Frederick Remington
De Lôme Letter February 1898 Dupuy de Lôme, Spanish Ambassador to US Criticized McKinley as weak
Remember the Maine and to Hell with Spain! Funeral for Maine victims in Havana
Spanish American War April – August 1898 Many more died of disease than in battle
Dewey seizes the Philippines
Rough Riders
End of the War Armistice signed August 12 Treaty of Paris (Dec 1898) - US gets Puerto Rico & Guam - US pays Spain $20 million for the Philippines - Cuba is freed from Spanish rule
The Philippines Debate over annexation American Anti- Imperialist League (1899) Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie, William Jennings Bryan Against acts of imperialism
The Philippine War ( ) Filipinos led by Emilio Aguinaldo 4,300 US deaths & over 50,000 Filipinos Brutal guerilla fighting
Governing the Empire Dilemma: Did US citizenship follow the flag? Puerto Rico - Foraker Act (1900): ended military rule & established colonial govt - Insular Cases: ( ): Constitutional rights were not automatic to territories - Jones Act (1917): became US territory & made Puerto Ricans US citizens
Cuba US forces stay until 1902 Made improvements Platt Amendment (1901) 1. Cuba could not enter into any alliances that could endanger its independence 2. US can intervene in Cuban affairs 3. Cuba must lease Guantanamo Bay to US for naval & coaling stations
The Philippines US made improvements Independence on July 4, 1946
China European countries tried to carve up China
The Open Door Notes/Policy Secretary John Hay. Give all nations equal access to trade in China. Guaranteed that China would NOT be taken over by any one foreign power.
Boxer Rebellion Boxers: Secret Chinese martial-arts society Revolt against foreigners in China (1900)