Supporting Global Security Through Cooperative Nonproliferation… Science and Technology Center in Ukraine (STCU) Supporting Global Security Through Cooperative Nonproliferation… …Turning Military Science into Peaceful Civilian Applications

Our Mission: Nonproliferation of WMD Expertise Engagement: Support multilateral, collaborative, peaceful civilian R&D activities that engage Azeri, Georgian, Ukrainian, and Uzbek scientists and engineers formerly involved WMD and delivery systems, so that their scientific talents contribute to solutions of national/international S&T problems. Sustainable Redirection: Create opportunities for former WMD scientists and engineers to develop sustainable, civilian research employment that contributes to their country’s to market economy transition, to science & technology development, and to deeper integration into the international community.

History of STCU 1992 – Negotiations Start on an S&T-Based WMD Nonproliferation Center Focused on ex-USSR military scientists & technicians 1993- STCU is Established via Inter-Governmental Agreement Among Four Founding Parties: Ukraine, Canada, Sweden and the United States of America 1998- European Union Replaces Sweden as an STCU Governing Party 2003- STCU Surpasses $100 Million USD in Total Project Funding 2004 – STCU Governing Parties Agree to Focus STCU Efforts on Building Self-Reliance/Self-Sustainability of ex-USSR WMD scientists/institutes 2006- Highest Annual Total in New Project Funding ($19.4 Million USD) and Total Partner Project Funding (Approx. $10.6 Million USD) 2007 – Highest Ever Annual Total in New Non-Governmental and New Partner Project Funding (Nearly $4.7 Million USD)

Five Recipient Countries STCU Operates In Five Recipient Countries Over 1,000 Scientific and Technical Institutes Approximately 20,000-30,000 Former Weapons Scientists (1995 informal est.) STCU has engaged over 8,300 former weapons scientists, plus 5,000 other scientific personnel

STCU Has On-Site Presence Across Recipient States Headquartered in Kyiv, Ukraine Regional Ukrainian Offices in: Dnipropetrovsk, Kharkiv Lviv Other Regional Offices in: Baku,Azerbaijan Tbilisi,Georgia Tashkent,Uzbekistan Chisinau,Moldova 70 Person Staff – Multinational, Professional & Administrative

Science & Technology Center in Ukraine STCU Administers Sponsored Activities by Both Financing & Recipient Parties Non- Government Partners Government Partners Canada E.U. U.S.A. Science & Technology Center in Ukraine Currently, STCU Governing Parties include 8 states: Canada, EU, and the USA are the Funding Parties. Five countries of the FSU are the Recipient Parties. Since 1997 STCU has launched a Partner Program providing governmental agencies and private, industrial companies registered at the territories of Funding Parties with a possibility of access to highly qualified scientific community of the Recipient Countries and implementation of R&D projects using STCU services and privileges including project administration, monitoring, and tax privileges. Azerbaijan Georgia Moldova Ukraine Uzbekistan

Making Progress, Seeing Results Over 1100 Projects (approx. $168 Million USD equiv) since 1995 Over 180 Partner Organizations (approx $60 Million USD equiv) Over Half of All New Project Funding Approved in 2006 was for Partner Projects Over 200 Patent Applications of STCU Project Results Several Targeted Initiatives Addressing Issues of National/International Concern Y2K Remediation Program Various Government Threat Reduction Partner Programs Jointly Financed Targeted Projects w/ Recipient Gov. Agencies Sustainability Assistance

STCU Projects Help Convert Institutes Institute of Nuclear Physics (Tashkent) STCU Projects Compliment Institute Cooperation in Returning HEU Reactor Fuel Projects to Create a Central Radio-analytic Laboratory and Mobile Labs (supporting of Uzbek Border Monitoring for Nuclear Material Trafficking) Projects Develop Portal Monitor Technology for Radiological Material Detection Three UK Closed Nuclear Cities Program funded Partner Projects Finance Market Research/Business Planning to Commercialize Institute Technologies Opening Ceremony, Central Radio-analytic Lab Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, UZ 5 October 2004

Partner Projects Develop Commercial & Non-Commercial Activities US DOE Programs Combine Threat Reduction with Sustainable Transition through Partner Projects DOE Partner Projects at Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology (KIPT): One Project (DOE/Initiatives for Proliferation Prevention) Matches U.S. Industry Partner with KIPT to Establish a Commercial Medical Isotope Production Capability on KIPT Territory. One Project (DOE/Global Threat Reduction Initiative) Finances DOE and KIPT Experts to Design New Laboratory Set-Ups that will use Low Enriched Uranium instead of Highly Enriched Uranium.

Ex-Weapon Scientists Help in Safe Dismantlement (PMF-1 Series Anti-Personnel Mines Evaluation Project) Project Organized by STCU, Funded by EU (€400,000), to Evaluate Destruction Technologies for Environment & Health Risk Around 6 mil PFM-1 Type Mines in Ukraine, All containing Toxic Liquid Explosive Chemicals Mines Also Stored in Other CIS and Eastern European Countries Common Arms Reduction Support (CARS) Fund No Open Air Destruction of the Mines Should Take Place. Handling and Transport of the Mines is within usual industrial levels.

Government Programs Make Use of STCU Over 20 Government Partners including: Max Planck Institute of Plasmaphysics (Germany) UK Department of Trade and Industry U.S. Department of Energy/Initiatives for Proliferation Prevention (IPP) Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (USA) U.S. National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute U.S. Environmental Protection Agency U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service U.S. Department of Defense/Defense Threat Reduction Agency

Non-Government Partners: Contributing to Self-Sustainability Over 160 Non-Government Partners including: General Electric Corp. (USA) PPG Industries, Inc (USA) The Boeing Co. (USA) Intel Corp. (USA) AECL Chalk River Laboratories (Canada) Medteknostics, Inc. (Canada) Airbus (UK) Scionix Holland A.V. (Netherlands) Michelin Corp. (France) Indiana: none.

Targeted R&D Initiatives: Creating Equal Partnerships Co-financing of Projects Selected by Recipient Party Government and STCU Focus on Recipient Party National S&T Priorities and STCU Nonproliferation Mission First TRDI (2005): STCU – Ukraine $500K in STCU Party Funds and $500K from NASU = $1 Million in Projects 3 Rounds Completed Over $3 Million in Co-Financed Projects Two More Initiatives Underway Georgian National Science Foundation Azeri National Academy of Sciences STCU-NASU Cooperation Agreement Signing Ceremony – Kyiv, 26 May 2005 TRDI Creates Equal Partnership, Vested Interest, and Leveraged Funding Between Donor & Recipient Parties

Transition from Military to Civilian R&D Takes Time & Constant Effort After 12 Years, STCU Recipients Still Working on Becoming Self-Reliant in Non-Military Research

STCU In the Future Near-Term: Continue “Permanent Redirection” Phase of Mission Partner Projects Increasing Share of STCU Activities More Focus on Opportunities in: Diversify Institute Research Income Sources Tech Transfer/IPR Capability Improvement Partner with National/International Science Programs Increase Involvement of Recipient Parties as Equal Contributors Long-Term: Under Discussion

Science and Technology Center in Ukraine (STCU) Contact Information Science and Technology Center in Ukraine (STCU) 21 Kamenyariv St Kyiv, Ukraine 03138 Tel: +380-44-490-7150 Fax: +380-44-490-7145 E-mail: stcu@stcu.int Web site: www.stcu.int

BACKUP SLIDES: FOR INFORMATION

? Science Centers Strategic History 1992 - 2004 2005 - 2012 2012 - ? Spread of FSU WMD Expertise due to Social /Political Breakdown, Unemployment Dependency on Science Center Resources; Return to Weapons Research or Unemployment Ad Hoc, Politically-Sensitive Issues; Unstable Socio-Economic Development; S&T Competitive Erosion Threats Goals Stabilize FWS Situation in situ Redirect FWS into Self-Supporting Peaceful, Employment Develop Avenues for Multilateral S&T Responses to Politically Sensitive Problems/ Regional & Global Threats, Regional Stability Develop FWS in Self-Sustainability. Integrate FWS into National or Regional S&T Programmatic Efforts Flexible, Multilateral S&T Tool to Respond to Broad S&T Needs/Sensitive Tasks? Strategy Engage FWS in Coop. Research Grants ISTC/STCU Regular Projects plus Supporting Activities (Travel Support, Training, Workshops, etc.) ISTC/STCU Programmatic Activities plus Partner Programs and “Evolution to Partnership” With Beneficiary Member Countries Broaden ISTC/STCU Mandate Beyond FSU WMD Scientist Redirect Mission? Response

STCU Projects in Nuclear Safety Support to Ukraine 50 STCU Nuclear Safety-Related Research Projects in Ukraine Including Material Research, Material Accountability Projects 7 Nuclear Safety-related Projects in Uzbekistan Over $6.7 Million and over € 640,000 Committed Projects Include the Following Areas of Research: Nuclear Database for Chornobyl NPP Decommissioning Activities Electro-reclamation Systems for Decontaminating Water and Soils Low-level Nuclear Waste Container Designs High-Level Waste Partitioning Technologies High-sensitivity Scintillation Detectors for Remote Monitoring of Radiation Environments Development of a Monochromatic X-ray Locator for the Nuclear Material Control and Monitoring

Y2K Remediation of Ukrainian NPPs Special Targeted Program to Address Y2K Readiness Problems at Ukraine’s Nuclear Power Plants Initiated in April 1999: STCU, Energoatom, NPP Operational Support Institute, and U.S. DoE International Nuclear Safety Program (Pacific Northwest National Lab) Over $1.7 Million and € 342,022 Contributed by STCU Parties Plus a Special $20,000 Contribution from the Netherlands Eight Special STCU Projects Implemented between April and 31 December 1999 to Assess, Remediate, and Develop Contingency Plans More than 300 Ukrainian Specialists from Five NPPs Participated. STCU provided Overall Coordination, Technical Monitoring, Financial Support and Auditing. All Projects Were Successfully Implemented Before the Target Rollover Date, with 38 Safety Critical Systems Remediated One Western Expert Noted: “Some Countries Performed Well, But No Country Performed Better than Ukraine.”

1995 Informal Estimate from Scientists with military R&D background Total Former Weapon Scientists (FWS) in STCU Project/Proposal Records (All Countries) 1995 Informal Estimate from Ukrainian GB member = 20,000-30,000 Scientists with military R&D background