Chapter 11

 First to propose unified theory to understand and explain human behavior  Most complete, complex, and controversial Some treat work as sacred, others unscientific  Fisher and Greenberg Held up well, far from perfect

 Freud’s closest associate until disagreement Positive view of human nature  People try to develop potential & handle instinctual urges Personal vs collective unconscious

 Collective unconscious Storehouse of instincts, urges, and memories shared by all humanity Archetypes: inherited, universal ideas  Mother, hero, wise old man, etc.  We are not fully aware we are part of these forces  We all attempt to fill these archetypal roles Hide our real feelings and real personalities  Persona: fake personalities we develop

Saw that Freud and Jung had valid ideas about the unconscious, but believed that they were ignoring the impact of social forces.

 Strongly disagreed with Freud’s focus on biological drives  Dealing w/ impulses from id less important for personality than coping w/ stress of social needs

 Humans feel most helpless, anxious, and lost when it comes to getting enough love All of us need love Constantly afraid that important people won’t like us  Build our personalities around fighting rejection We go along with people when we don’t want to

 Associate of Freud’s Left in early 20 th century to develop own approach  Driving force = desire to overcome feelings of inferiority Ex: Demosthenes

 Inferiority Complex: continually trying to compensate for weakness  Children feel inferior but grow to become independent  Way parents treat children influence styles of life  Overpampering = self-centered person; little regard for others; expected everyone to submit  Neglected = seek revenge; angry, hostile person  Both lack confidence in abilities to meet demands of life

 Disagreed w/ Freud that personality was set in early years  Life divided into 8 stages  Social forces are most important  We can “rescue” ourselves at any stage Not doomed because of one mistake

TRUSTMISTRUST Infant is totally dependent on others and learns to trust these others Infant learns to distrust others

AUTONOMYSHAME Child tried to become a separate individual and is allowed some independence by parents If not allowed to develop a feeling of independence, the child feels shame.

INITIATIVEGUILT Child tries to take control of environment and is allowed some control If not allowed any initiative, the child feels guilty for having failed

INDUSTRYINFERIORITY Child wants to do more and better things – to be industrious – and develops skills for which he or she receives rewards If the child does not develop skills or is not rewarded, he or she feels inferior

IDENTITYIDENTITY CONFUSION Adolescent searches for a role or identity in life and develops a sense of self Adolescent feels confused if no role is found

INTIMACYISOLATION Young adult shares special or intimate feelings with one special person When the young adult does not experience this sharing, loneliness and isolation prevail

GENERATIVITYSTAGNATION Adult feels the need to generate or contribute something important to the world and is able to do so If unable to contribute anything important, the adult deteriorates or stagnates

EGO INTEGRITYEGO DESPAIR Person looks to the past and feels a sense of accomplishment or integrity If the person looks back and feels no sense of accomplishment, he or she feels empty and despairing

 Brought important new dimension to psychoanalysis Social forces  Provided more to work with in analysis than just biological drives  Problem of whether or not we have an unconscious still exists