1. Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, and Others

2.  He and Freud were friends once.  Disagreed with Freud on two major points:  He had a more positive view of human nature.  Distinguished between Personal unconscious and Collective unconscious. Personal: similar to Freud’s idea of the unconscious. Collective: storehouse of instincts, urges, and memories of the entire human species throughout history.  Archetypes: inherited, universal ideas.

3.  Jung identified by studying dreams, and visions, paintings, poetry, myths, and religions.  Cultures share many in common.  Jack and Jill (David and Goliath).  Help to build the foundation of our personalities.  Self: an archetype that gives us direction and provides a sense of completeness.

4.  Driving force was a desire to overcome feelings of inferiority.  Demosthenes: overcame a speech impediment by practicing speaking with pebbles in his mouth and became the greatest orator of ancient Greece.  Napoleon: a short man who conquered Europe in the early 1800s.  Glenn Cunningham: an Olympic runner who, as a child, lost his toes in a fire and had to plead with doctors not to amputate his legs.

5.  Inferiority Complex: a pattern of avoiding feelings of inadequacy rather than trying to overcome their source.  Lifestyles: pattern of overcoming inadequacies.  Parents influence the styles of life their children choose.  Overpampering vs. neglect.  Ideally, a child should learn self-reliance and courage from the father and generosity and feeling for others from the mother. (Adler)

6.  Basic anxiety  A child feels this because she is helpless.  Basic hostility  A resentment on one’s parents.  Disagreed with Freud:  She believed that if a child was raised with love and security, that child could avoid psychosexual parent-child conflict that Freud described.