The Powder Keg of Europe The Balkans The Powder Keg of Europe

The Balkan Peninsula

The Balkans/Former Yugoslavia

History (500s) 500s-South Slavs migrate down the Balkan Peninsula They each set up their own Kingdom South Slavs Bulgarians Macedonians Croats Montenegrins Slovenians Serbs

History (1300-1878) Ottoman Empire (Muslims) take over much of the Balkan states Austria and Hungary ALSO take over some Balkan states MAIN POINT: The balkan cultures change every time becoming more and more different with every change of power

Main point The balkan cultures change every time becoming more and more different with every change of power Examples: Under Muslim (Ottoman) rule, many Serbs clung to Christianity while many Bosnians converted to Islam. The

History (1878) Serbia breaks free from the Ottoman Empire

On the Eve of WW I (1914)

What was the spark that started WW I Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand Invasion of France by Austria Hungary Assassination of the President of the US Invasion of England by France

The Black Hand Serbian group VERY Nationalistic A secret society with the intent of reuniting all South Slavs territories and populations RESPONSIBLE FOR STARTING WW I WITH THE ASSASSINATION OF ARCHDUKE FERDINAND

After WW I With the fall of the Austro Hungarian Empire at the end of WW I (1918)the kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes is formed In 1929, renamed Yugoslavia

Read Communist Rule on page 320

During WW II, who invaded Yugoslavia Germany Russia US Great Britain

The Croats cooperated with the Nazis ordering the massacre of who? Russians Polacks Serbs Jews

After the war a communist leader named Josef Stalin gained control. True False

Tito was a dictator who encouraged the Serbs to kill the Croats. True False

After WW II was over (1946), Yugoslavia was split into 6 republics After WW II was over (1946), Yugoslavia was split into 6 republics. Which one of the following was NOT a republic of Yugoslavia? Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia Macedonia Kosovo Serbia Slovenia Montenegro

Look at the map on page 322

Bosnia and Herzegovina contains Muslims, Croats and Serbs True False

Croatia only really has Croats living there. True False

There were Six republics in Yugoslavia, how many major culture groups are found there? 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

JOSIP TITO DIES Tito dies in 1980 The Presidency starts to rotate among members from all over Yugoslavia

Slobodan Milosevic Milosevic begins to propose the creation of a Greater Serbia including all Serbian territories (see page 322)

Who do you think would object to this idea? Macedonians Slovenia and Montenegro Croatia and Bosnia/Herzegovina Serbia

1991…All hell starts to break loose

1991…What happened??? Serbia blocked a Croat from becoming President Croatia and Slovenia declare their independence and Serbia invades both republics UN helps reach a cease fire in June 1992 (Both Croatia and Slovenia remain free)

March 1992 Bosnia and Herzegovina declare independence Bosnian Muslims and Croats back the move but the Bosnian Serbs launched a war to stop it. The Serbs attempted to destroy all Bosnian Muslims and Croats (Ethnic Cleansing)…more than 200,000 died

1995 US sponsors peace negotiations and a peace treaty is signed…Bosnia Remains independent United Streaming- Commander in Chief: Bill Clinton- July 1995, 700,000 killed in Balkan Massacre.

Also…in the 1990s Milosevic wants to wipe out the Albanian Muslims in Kosovo because of historical ties to that land (Kosovo was a self-governing province) The Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) is formed to fight for the independence of Kosovo. Milosevic begins campaign of ethnic cleansing against Albanians.

1999 NATO starts to bomb Serbia to force them to stop fighting in Kosovo. Milosevic withdraws and international officials find horrifying evidence that the Serbs had carried out tortures/massacres.

Fighting eventually stops Vojislav Kostunica is elected to reform and rebuild Serbia and Montenegro (what was left of Yugoslavia) Ethnic tensions still uneasy