Allameh Helli 3 English Academy Nov 2014 National Organization for Development of Exceptional Talents

SKILLS

Session 4 elements of literature (2)

point of view 1

A narrator is a person who tells a story. narrator

The narrator may be one of the characters in the story: “first-person point of view” I, me, my, we, and our

The narrator may NOT be one of the characters in the story: “third-person point of view” he, she, they, and their

theme 2

imagery 3

Imagery is the use of words to help readers visualize, or create pictures in their minds five senses: sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch

To better remember what you read

flashback and foreshadowing 4

Flashbacks interrupt what’s going on in a story to tell about something that happened in the past.

“he remembered when...” or “she thought about that time last year when...”

Flashback gives readers a deeper understanding of a character’s personality.

Example “You’re getting it. Good girl!” Anya cheered as she ran beside her little sister. Anya smiled, remembering when her dad had taught her to ride a bike. She could still see him running beside her, even when he didn’t need to anymore! He’d always been so protective. But now, he was gone and she alone had to take care of the family. “I still need you, Dad,” she whispered.

Foreshadowing gives readers clues about what might happen later in a story. Authors use foreshadowing to build suspense, tempt readers to predict what might happen, and persuade them to read on to find out if they were right.

Example I looked at the speedometer.... Paul was driving even faster. “Please slow down,” I said. “We’re coming to a really bad curve in the road!” But he didn’t slow down and the snow was drifting higher and higher. I could hardly see the road!

figurative language 5

idiom 1

An idiom is a group of words that doesn’t mean exactly what it says. Example “That homework was a piece of cake!” Bill said.

personification 2

Personification gives human qualities to animals or objects. Example “I cannot see in this tall grass, Moon,” cried the tiger. So Moon smiled down while Wind puffed her cheeks and blew the grass aside.

hyperbole 3

Hyperbole is the use of exaggeration to make a point. Example “This suitcase weighs a ton!” Ray grumbled. “No wonder my back hurts!”

simile 4

A simile compares two things by using the words like or as. Example I was so embarrassed; my face was as red as a beet!

- You and I are as alike as two peas in a pod!

- She is as quiet as a mouse.

- His sadness was as unending as the waves crashing on shore.

- I know I can trust him; he’s as honest as the day is long.

- I can’t get her to do anything; she’s as stubborn as a mule!

metaphor 5

A metaphor compares two things without using like or as. The text states that one thing is, or has the characteristics of, another. Example The dog’s eyes were searchlights, looking for any sign of kindness.

Night is a curtain that eventually falls.

The quarterback is a well- maintained machine.

She is a beacon of light, guiding us home.

Strength and honor are his uniform.

Silence is an invited guest, allowing me time to think.

Session 4 end of