Discovery Science Concept 2.1 pp. 24

Describes Nature. Careful observations & data collection Inquiry- starting point for exploring life. Observing and asking questions. Observations-5 senses used to gather info. Data- recorded observations / information Qualitative data-descriptive using 5 senses Includes writing, photographs, drawings etc. Quantitative data-measurements (metric) Organized and reliable Discovery Science begins science inquiry

Examples of Discovery Science: Jane Goodall’s chimpanzee research. Fleming’s discovery of Penicillin. “Chance favors the prepared mind” Inferences Definition- a logical conclusion based on observations. May use prior knowledge. Difference between an observation and an inference. Examples:

Generalizations-a general conclusion Based on many similar observations. Demo- T28 General patterns in large sample populations. Graphs make it easier to visualize. Results in “breakthroughs” Discovery Science- begins science inquiry Hypothesis Based Science- attempts to explain.

Hypothesis Based Science Concept 2.2 pp. 30

Hypothesis-based Science- Causes and Explanations Scientific Method- sequence of steps used to solve problems/ answer questions. Steps do not have to be followed exactly. Key element is the hypothesis. Hypothesis- suggested answer to a scientific question. Based on past experience + knowledge Instinctive, used to solve everyday problems. Need to be testable.

Scientific Method

Hypotheses- Not just proposed, but tested. Additional observations and experiments. Based on the hypothesis a prediction is made. Prediction- the “If…, then” statement. Figure Flashlight example Case Study- Mimicry- Hypothesis- “Mimics benefit because predators confuse them with the harmful species.” Key to testing – controlled experiment.

Controlled Experiment An experiment that tests a single variable. Variable- A condition that can differ in an experiment. Brown colored snakes were the control. OnLine Activity 2.2- what was the control? Other variables need to be eliminated. Examples of other variables.

Mimicry Flowchart.

Collecting Data Organizing and Analyzing Data. Tables and Graphs Reveal patterns Conclusions- Does the data fit the prediction? What happens if the data does not support the hypothesis? Revise the hypothesis.

Concept 2.3 Evidence- Collected body of data from observations and experiments. Repeatable makes it scientific. Science requires repeatable observations and testable hypotheses. Limited to natural causes for natural phenomena..

Theory- well tested explanation that takes into account a great variety of scientific observations. Gives rise to many hypotheses that can be tested. Broader is scope than a hypothesis. Example- Adaptations such as mimicry evolve by natural selection. Theory is accepted once it is supported by extensive body of evidence.

Models- Tools used by scientists. Diagrams, 3-D, Graphs, Flowcharts. Technology- Science applied for a specific purpose.