Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Epithelia Nerves Bone Connective Muscle Ligaments Blood Adipose (Fat) (10/2) Bellringer: Tissues BR: Which of the following are tissues?
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Tissues
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. CH 4 - Histology Histology: study of tissues - collections of cells & cell products that perform specific, limited fxns
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 4-1
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 4-2: Epithelial Tissue 2 types: –Epithelia – cover internal/external surfaces –Glands – secreting cells Characteristics: 1. Cells closely bound 2. Have apical (exposed) surface –May contain microvilli and/or cilia Microvilli – ↑ SA for absorption/secretion Cilia – move materials across cell surface 3. Attached to underlying CT by basement membrane 4. Avascular (no blood vessels) 5. Regeneration of damaged cells by stem cells (germinative cells)
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 4-2: Epithelial Tissue Fxns: 1.Protection 2.Control permeability 3.Provide sensation 4.Specialized secretions (glands)
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 4-3: Epithelia Classification layers –Simple: 1 layer of cells –Stratified: >1 layer shape –Squamous: thin & flat –Cuboidal : square- shaped –Columnar : tall, slender rectangles
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Classification of Epithelia Figure 4-4
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Simple squamous cellNucleus
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Nuclei of simple squamous cell Red blood cells Lumen of venule
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Classification of Epithelia Figure 4-4
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Simple cuboidal cell Basement membrane Nuclei
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Microvilli Basement membrane NucleusProximal convoluted tubule
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Stratified cuboidal epithelium Cuboidal cell Duct of sweat gland Dense irregular connective tissue (dermis)
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Classification of Epithelia Figure 4-4
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Simple columnar cell Goblet cell Microvilli
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Classification of Epithelia Figure 4-5
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Stratified squamous epithelium Squamous cells Muscularis mucosa
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Stratified squamous epitheliumSquamous cell Lamina propria
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Stratified squamous epithelium, keratinized Dermal papillae Dermis
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Classification of Epithelia Figure 4-5
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Cilia Pseudostratified columnar cells Goblet cells Lamina propria
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Classification of Epithelia Figure 4-5
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Round apical cellsNuclei Basement membrane
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Cell Junctions – 3 Types 1. Tight junctions – prevent H 2 0 & solutes from passing between cells (digestive tract)
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 2. Gap junctions – allow small molecules & ions to pass btwn cells (cardiac muscle) cells held together by connexons
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 3. Desmosomes – hold cells tightly together, epidermis
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Glands A.Endocrine Glands – release hormones into blood/ECF A.Exocrine Glands – produce secretions onto epithelial surfaces through ducts Merocrine: secretions released by vesicles (exocytosis) –Ex: sweat, saliva, mucin (mucus) Apocrine: shed cytoplasm –Ex: mammary gland (milk) Holocrine: cells rupture –Ex: sebaceous gland (oil)
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 4-6
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Bell Ringer Describe the following types of epithelial tissue: 1.Stratified Columnar 2.Simple Squamous 3.Simple Cuboidal
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 4-4: Connective Tissue (CT) Structure 1. Specialized cells 2. Protein fibers 3. Ground substance (fluid) - protein fibers & ground substance form the matrix
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 4-4: Connective Tissue (CT) Fxns: 1.Support & protection 2.Transportation of materials 3.Store E 4.Immune defense
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 4-4: Connective Tissue (CT) A.Connective Tissue Proper Cells: Fibroblasts & fibrocytes: produce fibers, ground substance Macrophages – attack pathogens Adipocytes – fat cells Mast cells – release chemicals after injury/infection Fibers: collagen, elastin, reticular
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 4-4: Connective Tissue (CT) Loose CT (areolar) –Ground sub. > fibers –fill spaces, cushion & support –Ex: adipose tissue (fat) Dense CT –Fibers > ground sub. –tough, durable –Ex: tendons, ligaments, capsules
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 4-4: Connective Tissue (CT) B. Fluid CT: blood & lymph –Watery matrix w/ dissolved proteins –Blood contains: Plasma (matrix) Red & white blood cells Platelets (blood clotting)
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 4-4: Connective Tissue (CT) C. Supporting CT 1.Cartilage Avascular Provides shock absorption & protection Gel-like matrix Chondrocytes surrounded by lacunae (chambers) Perichondrium covers cartilage 2. Bone Calcium Salts & Collagen Fibers Osteocytes depend on diffusion through canaliculi Bone is surrounded by periosteum
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 4-4: Connective Tissue (CT) Types a.Hyaline tough, flexible; reduces friction b/w bones in joints b.Elastic in external ear c.Fibrous prevents bone-to-bone contact, absorbs shocks b/w vertebrae
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Bell Ringer What is the primary difference between the 3 types of connective tissue? Name the 3 types of cartilage.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Create Flashcard Matching Game 2 Index Cards Per Tissue Type Loose Connective, Adipose, Dense, Hyaline Cartilage, Elastic, Fibrous, Blood, Bone, Lymph 1 card: Location & Function 2 card: Picture Or a combination of either
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Connective Tissue Proper Figure 4-9
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Connective Tissue Proper Figure 4-9
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Connective Tissue Proper Figure 4–9
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 4-4: Connective Tissue (CT) 2. Bone (osseous tissue) –calcium salts provide strength –collagen fibers provide flexibility
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Types of Cartilage Figure 4-10
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Types of Cartilage Figure 4-10
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Types of Cartilage Figure 4-10
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
4-5: Membranes Membranes - consist of epithelium supported by CT –cover & protect structures & tissues
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 4-5: Membranes 1.Mucous (mucosae) –line digestive, respiratory, urinary, & reproductive tracts –moist surface: reduces friction absorption & secretion –CT is called lamina propria
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 4-5: Membranes 2. Serous –serous fluid reduces friction btwn parietal & visceral layers of body cavities 1.Pleura: lungs 2.Peritoneum: abdominal organs 3.Pericardium: heart
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 4-5: Membranes 3. Cutaneous (skin) –waterproofing, protection 4. Synovial – line joint cavities –incomplete epithelium –synovial fluid reduces friction (lubricant) –protect ends of bones
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 4-6: Muscle Tissue Specialized for contraction Allows for movement 1.Skeletal muscle – striated voluntary 2.Cardiac muscle (heart) – striated involuntary 3.Smooth muscle – nonstriated involuntary found in walls of hollow organs (blood vessels; bladder; respiratory, digestive, & reproductive tracts)
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Muscle Tissue Figure 4-13
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Muscle Tissue Figure 4-13
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Muscle Tissue Figure 4-13
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 4-7: Neural (nervous) Tissue Brain & spinal cord –specialized for conducting electrical impulses
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 4-8: Injury & Repair Step 1: Inflammation (inflammatory response) –mast cells cause blood vessels to dilate & become more permeable effects? swelling, redness, heat, pain –triggered by: Trauma (injury) Infection: presence of pathogens (disease-causing organisms)
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 4-8: Injury & Repair Step 2: Regeneration (repair) –fibroblasts create scar tissue –fibrosis: permanent replacement of normal tissue w/ fibrous CT
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 4-9: Aging Speed & efficiency of tissue repair decrease w/ age due to: –Slower metabolism –Poor nutrition –Hormonal changes –Reduced activity