1. Tissues Chapter 5

2. Tissues Four types of tissues – Epithelial – Connective – Muscle – Nervous

3. Epithelial Tissue General Characteristics: Found throughout the body, covers all body surfaces both inside and out. Main glandular tissue. Attached to underlying connective tissue by noncellular nonliving basement membrane. Usually has no vascular tissue - no blood supply Cells reproduce rapidly (rapid healing). Cells tightly packed together

4. Epithelial Cells Epithelia Tissue is named based on its description Simple – Single Layer Stratified – Multiple Layers Squamous = flat Cuboidal = square/cube Columnar = column/rectangle

5. Simple Squamous Function: Diffusion and filtration Found in: walls of capillaries, air sacs in lungs

6. Simple Cuboidal Function: Secretion and absorption Found in: kidney tubules, ducts, and ovaries

7. Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium Provides more protection than single layer Found in the larger ducts of glands and developing tubules

8. Simple Columnar Function: Secretion and Absorption Found in: Digestive tract and uterus Contains goblet cells that secret mucus Can have cilia

9. Stratified Squamous Functions in protection Found in skin and mouth

10. Basement Membranes Thin under layers of tissues, just under the epithelium The ink of tattoos must be injected below the basement membrane

11. Layers Tissues often come in layers Cuts that are deep enough and go through underlying tissue beneath epithelium may need stitches

12. Pseudostratified Columnar Single layer Nuclei are uneven and gives it a layered appearance Can have goblet cells and cilia Found in air passage linings and tubes of reproductive system

13. Transitional Epithelium Stretchable Blocks diffusion (no leakage) Found in urinary bladder

14. Glandular Epithelium Cells are specialized to produce and secrete substances Make up glands – Exocrine (sweat glands) – Endocrine (hormones)

15. Identify the tissues

17. Connective Tissues General characteristics Most abundant tissue in your body, found throughout Binds structures together Provides support, protection, framework, fills space, stores fat, produces blood cells, fights infection, and helps repair tissue Cells are scattered with abundant matrix Fluid, semi-fluid, and fibers Good blood supply

18. Types of Connective Tissue Mast cells (prevent clots) Macrophages (consumers) Fibroblasts (produce fibers) – Collagenous (bones, ligaments, tendons) – Elastic (respiratory)

21. Main types of fibers Collagenous Fibers – strong and flexible – Bones, tendons, and ligaments Elastic Fibers – Very flexible – Ears and vocal cords

23. Loose Connective Tissue or Areolar Tissue Binds underlying organs to skin and to each other Forms delicate thin membranes throughout the body

24. Loose Fibrous Connective Tissue Has space between components Occurs beneath skin and most epithelial layers Functions in support and binds organs

25. Adipose Tissue (fat)

26. Fibrous Connective Tissue Tendons = muscles to bones Ligaments = bones to bones

27. Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue Has collagenous fibers closely packed In dermis of skin, tendons, and ligaments Functions in support

28. Dense Connective Tissue Cartilage – Cartilage Cells are called Chondrocytes – Provides support and attachments – Cushions bones

29. Hyaline Cartilage Covers ends of joints, nose and respiratory passages

30. Elastic Cartilage External Ear and Larynx

31. Fibrocartilage Tough, shock absorbing

32. Bone Tissue (Osseus)

33. Blood Tissue

34. Muscle Tissue

35. Cardiac Muscle

36. Skeletal Muscle

37. Smooth Muscle

38. Nervous Tissue Neurons Neuroglia - support

39. Nervous Tissue Spinal Cord