1 Information Technology for Management Hardware & Software Concepts

2 Block Diagram of Computer Processor Primary Storage Secondary Storage Communications Devices Output Devices Input Devices Buses

3 Secondary Storage Magnetic Tapes Magnetic Tapes Magnetic Disks Magnetic Disks Floppy Disks Hard Disks Optical Laser Disks CD-ROMs

4 I/O Devices

5 Input Devices On-line Entry On-line Entry Keyboard Mouse Trackball Joystick Light pen Touch screen

6 DIRECT DATA ENTRY(DDE) DIRECT DATA ENTRY (DDE) Approaches For DDE Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) Optical Character Recognition (OCR) Optical Mark Recognition (OMR) Bar Code Reader (BCR) Smart card Image Processing Image Scanner

7 MICR OMR Sheets& OMR Bar Codes & Bar Code Reader OCR Image Scanner

8 Output Devices Display Devices Monitor Liquid crystal display (LCD) Printers Impact printers Serial printers Dot Matrix Printer Line printers Non-impact printers Laser Printers

9 It consists of programs which enables a computer to perform specific tasks.OR The programs, procedures, algorithms (set of rules), and their associated documentation, for a computer system. The term broadly includes: Application softwareword processors Application software such as word processors which perform productive tasks for users. System softwareoperating systems System software such as operating systems, which interface with hardware to run the necessary services for user-interfaces and applications What is Software?

10 Office Automation helps in optimize or automate existing office functions. All office functions, including dictation, typing, filing, copying, fax, Telex, microfilm and records management, telephone and telephone switchboard operations, fall into this category. Office Automation

11 Generate Microsoft Word documents or business forms from data stored in other applications such as Microsoft Access or Microsoft Excel Generate presentations from external data Automatically send s to customers or groups in Microsoft Outlook Maintain and organize data stored in Microsoft Excel or Microsoft Access Examples of OA include

12 MS-Word MS-PowerPoint MS-Excel MS-Access MS-Office Package

13 System S/W vs. Application S/W System S/WApplication S/W proper functioning of the computer system. System Software comprises those programs that direct the computer in performing tasks that are basic to proper functioning of the computer system. specific user-related data processing tasks. Application software directs the computer in performing specific user-related data processing tasks. Application programs fall in two categories viz., cross industry and industry specific. includes It includes: (i) Assemblers and compliers, (ii) Diagnostic routines, (iii) Utility programs, (iv) Supervisory programs, and (v) Library of subroutines. Includes: It Includes: (Industry Specific) (i) Payroll, (ii) General accounting, (iii) Sales statistics, and (iv) Inventory control etc.

14 Relationships between User, Software and Hardware Hardware System Software System Software Application Software Application Software User Print on screen, Read keyboard entries, Write files on disk,... Surf Web, Format document, Play games,...

15 Hardware vs. Software physical component see/touch/feel. Hardware is the physical component of a computer system that you can see/touch/feel. computer program Software is the computer program that operates on the hardware. disks, disk drives, monitor, keyboards, printers, boards, and chips For instance, disks, disk drives, monitor, keyboards, printers, boards, and chips is the hardware. Internet Explorer On the other hand Internet Explorer is a software that you see displayed on the monitor