Chapter 4 Intercultural Communication Barriers 大学英语 跨文化交际 Chapter 4 Intercultural Communication Barriers 黑龙江大学外语部

Chapter 4 Intercultural Communication Barriers Quotation What sets us against one another is not our aims—they all come to the same thing—but our methods. —Antoine de Saint-Exupery

Chapter 4 Intercultural Communication Barriers Learning Objectives In this chapter, students will learn how to: 1. understand some barriers caused by emotional problems. 2. comprehend some barriers caused by attitudinal problems. 3. analyze various reasons for the persistence of ethnocentrism, stereotyping, prejudice and racism. 4. perceive and deal with some barriers caused by translation problems. 3

Chapter 4 Intercultural Communication Barriers Chapter Outline Assuming Similarity Instead of Difference Ethnocentrism Vocabulary Equivalence Stereotyping Intercultural Communication Barriers Translation Problems Anxiety and Uncertainty Emotional Problems Prejudice Racism Reasons for the Persistence of Ethnocentrism, Stereotyping, Prejudice and Racism Idiomatic Equivalence Grammatical-Syntactical Equivalence Experiential Equivalence Conceptual Equivalence Attitudinal Problems

Lead-in Case: Chinese Hospitality — Overdone Chapter 4 Intercultural Communication Barriers Lead-in Case: Chinese Hospitality — Overdone Read the case and consider the questions in the right column. How do you comment on the behaviors of Hong and Joe respectively? If you were Joe, how would you respond to such situations? What suggestions would you like to give Hong on hosting a friend from another culture?

Text A Emotional Problems as Barriers to Intercultural Communication Chapter 4 Intercultural Communication Barriers Text A Emotional Problems as Barriers to Intercultural Communication ▲ Pre-reading Task: Please discuss in groups whether communicating with people from another culture is a simple process. And then try to present the actual unsuccessful intercultural communication scenes to the whole class. Let your classmates analyze the exact reasons why the communication events cannot be smooth.

1. Anxiety and Uncertainty Chapter 4 Intercultural Communication Barriers 1. Anxiety and Uncertainty Activity: Questionnaire for the Assessment of Anxiety and Uncertainty The purpose of this questionnaire is to help you assess the amount of anxiety and uncertainty you generally experience when you communicate with strangers: (Note. You can determine the amount of anxiety and uncertainty you experience when communicating with the "strangers" in each of the statements.) Respond to each statement by indicating the degree to which the adjectives are applicable when you interact with strangers. If you never have the experience, answer 1 in the space provided; if you almost never have the experience, answer 2; if you sometimes have the experience and sometimes do not, answer 3; if you almost always have the experience, answer 4; if you always have the experience, answer 5. (1) I am not confident when I communicate with strangers. (2) I can interpret strangers' behavior when we communicate. (3) I am indecisive when I communicate with strangers. (4) I can explain strangers' behavior when we communicate. (5) I am notable to understand strangers when we communicate. (6) I know what to do when I communicate with strangers. (7) I am uncertain how to behave when I communicate with strangers. (8) I can comprehend strangers' behavior when we communicate. (9) I am not able to predict strangers' behavior when we communicate. (10) I can describe strangers' behavior when we communicate.

Chapter 4 Intercultural Communication Barriers To find your scores, first reverse the responses for the even-numbered items (if you wrote 1, make it 5; if you wrote 2, make it 4; if you wrote 3, leave it as 3; if you wrote 4, make it 2; if you wrote 5, make it 1). Next, add the numbers next to each of the items. Scores range from 10 to 50. The higher your score, the more anxiety and uncertainty you experience when interacting with others. [Source: Adapted from W. B. Gudykunst, Bridging Differences, copyright @1994 by Sage Publications. Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications.]

2. Assuming Similarity Instead of Difference Chapter 4 Intercultural Communication Barriers 2. Assuming Similarity Instead of Difference A Danish Woman in New York

What can the following two pictures tell us? Chapter 4 Intercultural Communication Barriers What can the following two pictures tell us? We are more alike than unlike .

Chapter 4 Intercultural Communication Barriers Text B Attitudinal Problems as Barriers to Intercultural Communication ▲ Pre-reading Task: Form groups of 4 or 5 and discuss whether you have come across any discriminating descriptions of people owing to their different national, ethnic or regional origins? 11

Chapter 4 Intercultural Communication Barriers Attitudinal Problems Include: 1. Ethnocentrism 2. Stereotyping 3. Prejudice 4. Racism 12

Chapter 4 Intercultural Communication Barriers 1. Ethnocentrism Most other cultures are backward compared with my culture. My culture should be the role model for other cultures. Other cultures should try to be more like my culture. Most people from other cultures just don’t know what’s good for them. I have little respect for the values and customs of other cultures. Most people would be happier if they lived like people in my culture. People in my culture have just about the best lifestyles of anywhere. Lifestyles in other cultures are not as valid as those in my culture. I do not cooperate with people who are different. I do not trust people who are different. I dislike interacting with people from different cultures. Other cultures are smart to look up to my culture. Other people are much the same as my people. Our way of doing things is the only right way. 13

Chapter 4 Intercultural Communication Barriers 2. Stereotyping Stereotyping Definition Dimensions Categories Direction Intensity Specificity Consensus Accuracy 14

Chapter 4 Intercultural Communication Barriers What opposing stereotypes do these two images refer to? 15

Chapter 4 Intercultural Communication Barriers 3. Prejudice Activity: Expressing Opinions What do you think of women in power? 16

Chapter 4 Intercultural Communication Barriers 4. Racism Activity: Reflection Have you ever avoided physical contact with people from other races? If yes, why do you do so? 17

What do you think of the following pictures? Chapter 4 Intercultural Communication Barriers What do you think of the following pictures?

Chapter 4 Intercultural Communication Barriers Text C Translation Problems as Language Barriers ▲ Pre-reading Task: Please translate the following items into Chinese or English and then compare your translations to the exact meanings conferred by the original expressions in either Chinese or English. Then discuss what problems you have in translating them. motel lucky dog landlord as wise as an owl 嫦娥奔月 狗仗人势 集体主义 四小龙 19

Translation Problems Include: Chapter 4 Intercultural Communication Barriers Translation Problems Include: Lack Of Idiomatic Equivalence Grammatical-Syntactical Equivalence Experiential Equivalence Conceptual Equivalence Vocabulary Equivalence 20

Chapter 4 Intercultural Communication Barriers Activity: Pair work Do you often use Chinese cultural and social norms and rules to organize what you say in English? What is the effect? List some examples: Chinese Version English Version Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 21

Translate the following items: Chapter 4 Intercultural Communication Barriers Translate the following items: Group 1: yellow-bellied yellow streak Group 2: break a leg read between the lines hold your horses raining cats and dogs 22

Translate the following items: Chapter 4 Intercultural Communication Barriers Translate the following items: Group 3: plan a table table a plan book a place place a book lift a thumb thumb a lift

Translate the following items: Chapter 4 Intercultural Communication Barriers Translate the following items: Group 4: motel parliament Thanksgiving 炕 太极 文化大革命

Translate the following items: Chapter 4 Intercultural Communication Barriers Translate the following items: 5. Lack of Conceptual Equivalence freedom 自由 corruption pup’ae

Now, let’s summarize the key points of this chapter! Chapter 4 Intercultural Communication Barriers Now, let’s summarize the key points of this chapter! 26

Thank you!