ENERGY AND RESOURCES ON EARTH PAGES CHAPTER 23 SECTION 2

NATURAL RESOURCES We rely on natural resources to provide the energy & raw materials needed at home, work & for growing food What is a natural resource? occurs naturally within environments that exist relatively undisturbed by humanity, in a natural form. Ex: coal, natural gas, water, sunlight, oil, wind (just to name a few) Almost all energy on Earth comes from the Sun ! Plants harness Sun’s energy via photosynthesis

RENEWABLE VS. NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES Renewable Resources that can be replaced through natural processes in a relatively short amount of time Can have less waste and less harmful effects on environment Ex: Solar (Sun) Geothermal (Earth’s heat) Hydroelectric (Water) Wind NatGeo Alt Energy Video Nonrenewable Resources that take long time to form/replace Can have more wastes and more harmful effects on environment Ex : Fossil Fuels-- Oil (liquid) Natural Gas (gas) Coal (solid) VeggieMation Energy BOTH NATURAL; FORMED IN NATURE!

NONRENEWABLE: FOSSIL FUELS Fossil fuel : nonrenewable energy resource from from the remains of organisms that lived long ago Types of Fossil Fuels: Coal: ancient plants only (electricity; power) Oil: ancient plants & ancient animals (contains gasoline, kerosene, diesel) Natural Gas: ancient plants & ancient animals (heats homes) How Fossil Fuels are Formed ① Tiny plants and animal matter die in oceans ② Buried under layers of sediment (soil/sand) ③ Heat from Earth and pressure from ocean and rocks above squeeze matter and chemical reaction occurs ④ Fossil fuels are formed millions of years later! SUPPLY IS LIMITED; USING QUICKER THAN BEING MADE!

FORMATION OF NATURAL GAS & OIL

FORMATION OF COAL

RENEWABLE RESOURCES Replaced in relatively short amount of time (renewable) and little to no waste produced Types of Renewable Resources Nuclear Solar Wind Geothermal (Earth’s heat) Hydroelectric (water)

RENEWABLE: NUCLEAR Energy created when atoms are split through a process called fission Energy created heats water Heated water produces steam  turns a turbine Spinning turbine generates electricity AdvantageDisadvantage No pollutants released into air Renewable (controlled chemical reaction) Does produce highly radioactive ground waste

RENEWABLE RESOURCES: NUCLEAR

RENEWABLE: SOLAR Harnessing energy from the Sun Everyday, Earth receives more energy from sun than U.S. uses in an entire year—sunlight is ongoing! Can harness sun’s energy by using solar panels/cells AdvantagesDisadvantages Sunlight is ongoing No waste produced Not all areas of Earth receive a lot of sunlight Tools required to receive energy and convert to electricity (panels & cells)

RENEWABLE: SOLAR

RENEWABLE: WIND AdvantagesDisadvantages Relatively low cost dependent on size of wind turbine Unreliable (not always windy; strength varies)

RENEWABLE: GEOTHERMAL Large regions of hot magma heat underground reservoirs (holding pools) of water  produces steam Wells drilled into reservoirs & steam/hot water rises to surface  used to turn turbines  generates electricity AdvantagesDisadvantages Easy to harness energy when in active volcanic areas Geographically limited (not all places have active volcanic areas (magma)

RENEWABLE GEOTHERMAL

RENEWABLE: HYDROELECTRIC AdvantagesDisadvantages Water cycle is continuous Dams can harm environment Water power is harnessed by building dams on rivers Moving water turns turbines  generates electricity

RENEWABLE HYDROELECTRIC