1. Chapter 11
Energy Resources

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Fossil fuels are formed from the remains of organisms.
The three major fossil fuels are coal, oil, and natural gas.

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Formation of coal (a fossil fuel):

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Production of oil (a fossil fuel):

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When fuels are burned, the chemical energy that is released can be used to generate another form of energy, such as heat, light, motion, or electricity.

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Fossil fuels are nonrenewable resources because they take so long to form.
The United States uses about 33% of all oil produced in the world.
The United States has only about 3% of Earth’s oil supply.

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Renewable Sources of Energy:
Energy from the sun is solar energy.
Solar energy does not cause pollution.
Solar energy will not run out for billions of years.
Solar energy is only available when the sun is shining.
Solar technology is expensive

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Renewable Sources of Energy:
A solar cell can change solar energy into electricity.

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Renewable Sources of Energy:
Electricity produced by flowing water is called hydroelectric power.
Hydroelectric power is the most widely used source of renewable energy.

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Renewable Sources of Energy:
Wind energy is caused by solar energy.
The sun heats Earth’s surface unevenly, causing different areas of the atmosphere to have different temperatures.

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Renewable Sources of Energy:
Wind is the fastest-growing energy source in the world.
Wind does not cause pollution, but few places have winds that blow enough to provide the energy a place needs.

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Renewable Sources of Energy:
Fuels made from living things are called biomass fuels and include wood, leaves, food wastes, and animal wastes and are renewable.
Biomass materials can be made into other fuels.

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Renewable Sources of Energy:

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Renewable Sources of Energy:
Heat from Earth’s interior is called geothermal energy.
When magma heats underground water, the heated water can be used to produce electricity.

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Renewable Sources of Energy:
Iceland and New Zealand are places where magma is close to the Earth’s surface.
In Iceland, geothermal energy heats most homes.

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Renewable Sources of Energy:
Hydrogen gas can be used as a renewable source of energy.
Hydrogen gas burns cleanly and doesn’t produce pollution.

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Renewable Sources of Energy:
It takes more energy to make pure hydrogen (from water) than burning the hydrogen makes.

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Nuclear energy:
In a nuclear power plant, the heat released from fission (the splitting of an atom’s nucleus) reactions is used to change water into steam.
The steam then turns the blades of a turbine to generate electricity.

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Nuclear fisson:

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Nuclear power plant:

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Energy Conservation:
Fossil fuels may one day be used up.
One way to preserve our current energy resources is to increase the efficiency of our energy use.

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Energy Conservation:
Insulation is one way to increase the efficiency of heating and cooling systems.
Insulation is a layer of a material that prevents the loss of heat from inside a building.

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Energy Conservation:
We can also use fluorescent light bulbs (CFL’s), which are more efficient than regular light bulbs.
CFL Regular Light bulb

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Energy Conservation:
Another way to preserve our current energy resources is to conserve energy whenever possible.
This means to reduce the amount of energy you use.

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Energy Conservation:
You can reduce your energy use by changing your habits.
For example, you can walk or ride a bike to a store rather than riding in a car.
What else can you do to conserve energy?