Voyage Through the Life Span Overview of development and its impact on our behavior and mental processes. Continuous versus discontinuous Learning versus Maturation (nurture) (nature)

Voyage Through the Life Span Internet Listening: Radio Lab ( n Season One: “Morality” n Season Three: “Mortality” n Learning Objectives: n Prenatal Development n Postnatal Development u Social, cognitive, moral & personality n Attachment n Death and Dying

Stages of Development n Germinal Stage: zygote; 2 weeks n Embryonic Stage: embryo u implantation - 8th week n Fetal Stage: 3rd month - birth n Birth: neonate u reflexes: rooting

Development Motor Development Perceptual Development Cognitive Development Piaget & Vygotsky Compared Piaget’s observation Piaget’s 4 stage Theory

Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory A new appreciation  Elders as models Zone of Proximal Development Scaffolding Lev Vygotsky

Kohlberg’s Moral Development Theory Preconventional (0 - 9yrs.) “Premoral” Moral judgments are based largely upon expectations of rewards & punishment. Conventional (“Law & order approach” ) Moral judgments largely reflect social convention. Post-Conventional (setting own moral standards) Moral judgments are derived from moral principles.

Social & Personality Development Erikson Stages of Psychosocial Development 1. INFANCY 0-1 Trust V. Mistrust 2. EARLY ADULTHOOD 2-3 Autonomy V. Shame & Doubt 3. PRESCHOOL YEARS 4-5Initiative V. Guilt 4. GRAMMAR SCHOOL 6-12Industry V. Inferiority 5. ADOLESCENCE Identity V. Role Diffusion 6. YOUNG ADULTHOOD Intimacy V. Isolation 7. MIDDLE ADULTHOOD Generativity V. Stagnation 8. LATE ADULTHOOD Integrity V. Despair

Views of Attachment n Behaviorist u “A” learned through experience u mother as the “reinforcer” n Harry Harlow’s View: “ contact comfort ” n Konrad Lorenz’ View: “ Imprinting ” u goslings & ducklings a bigger lesson?

Parenting Styles Diana Baumrind: Authoritative: reason over force Authortarian: Obedience for the sake of obedience Permissive: few, if any rules, little supervision Uninvolved: detached from children

Adolescence “Neither fish nor fowl” n Physical Development n Cognitive Development n Adolescent Egocentrism (Elkind) u Imaginary Audience u Personal Fable

Adulthood n Emerging Adulthood ( ) n Young Adulthood ( ) n Middle Adulthood ( ) n Late Adulthood (65 +)

Adulthood n Theories on Aging: u Programmed Senescence u Wear & Tear Theory n Adult Cognitive Development: u Crystallized Intelligence u Fluid Intelligence

Late Adulthood Death & Dying (Kubler-Ross) The problem with this theory n Denial n Anger n Bargaining n Depression n Final Acceptance