Measuring the nature and extent of Trafficking in Human Beings in Ireland Mick Quinn, Assistant Principal, Anti-Human Trafficking Unit, Department of Justice and Equality, Ireland Bratislava, 26 – 27 March 2013

What’s the problem? “There are known knowns. These are things we know that we know. There are known unknowns. That is to say, there are things that we know we don't know. But there are also unknown unknowns. There are things we don't know we don't know.” (Donald Rumsfeld)

Why measure human trafficking in Ireland?. An inaccurate estimate of the problem is likely to result in a remedy being proposed that is equally inappropriate”. Mike Dottridge  Monitor trends and  provide evidential basis for developing effective policies and measures to combat THB and assist victims  Ensure accountability  Comply with International Obligations

Definition of human trafficking in Ireland Criminal Law (Human Trafficking Act) 2008 Modelled on  UN Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organised Crime.  The Council of Europe Convention on Action Against Trafficking in Human Beings.

Irish THB data strategy: Recognised the push from the EU for more consistent and standardised data recording  Comparable data must collected and collated centrally by a single organisation.  The scope of data collection must be expanded beyond the traditional domain of law enforcement records to include NGOs, health care professionals, legal representatives.

What data is to be collected? Victims  Demographic information  Immigration information  Means of recruitment  Details of the exploitation/abuse experienced  Types of coercion/control used  Details of the transportation and harbouring of victims  Service utilisation of victims Traffickers  Prosecutions, Convictions - Functioning of trafficking organisations/networks

Common Goals of EU Projects  Creating a reliable and standardised data collection methodology.  Creating a standardised EU template that allows for standardised and integrated statistical information and strategic analysis at both Member State level and EU level on the phenomena of trafficking in human beings.

Irish Strategy modelled on EU funded projects  Project Siamsect: (Institute for International Research on Criminal Policy at Ghent University (Belgium) together with Transcrime, Joint Research Centre on Transnational Crime, Università degli Studi di Trento/Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (Italy). (Institute for International Research on Criminal Policy at Ghent University (Belgium) together with Transcrime, Joint Research Centre on Transnational Crime, Università degli Studi di Trento/Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (Italy).  Guidelines for the collection of data on trafficking in human beings, including comparable indicators: (Austrian Ministry of the Interior in conjunction with the International Organisation for Migration). (Austrian Ministry of the Interior in conjunction with the International Organisation for Migration).  Handbook on Anti-Trafficking Data Collection in South-Eastern Europe: Developing Regional Criteria: (International Centre for Migration Policy Development). (International Centre for Migration Policy Development).

Putting theory into practice: Adapting the EU data collection systems in Ireland Phase 1: Development of draft data collection templates for standardised data collection. Phase 1: Development of draft data collection templates for standardised data collection. Phase 2: Scoping exercise to examine the data being already collected by agencies/organisations and offering these organisations the opportunity to participate in the data strategy. Phase 2: Scoping exercise to examine the data being already collected by agencies/organisations and offering these organisations the opportunity to participate in the data strategy. Phase 3: Establish a central database at the AHTU. Phase 3: Establish a central database at the AHTU. Phase 4: The collection and collation of data and publication of the annual reports. Phase 4: The collection and collation of data and publication of the annual reports.

How the Anti-Human Trafficking Unit (AHTU) collects and collates data on human trafficking   Use Interdisciplinary Working Group structures as a data collection source   Data is collected in a standardised format   Data is collected from multiple sources (Governmental and Non-Governmental Organisations)   Data is entered into a statistical package   Data is subjected to quality control   Data is analyzed

Some typical problems encountered when attempting to obtain data  Data Fragmentation Data on human trafficking is gathered/held by a number of different agencies. Data on human trafficking is gathered/held by a number of different agencies.  Lack of data collecting expertise Differing data collection methodologies used.  Different understandings of THB definition  Difficulties in sharing personal data.  Convincing others of the need for better data and research.

Limitations of AHTU Annual Reports  Reports are snapshots of the possible extent of particular forms of trafficking in human beings during particular time periods as known to particular organisations.  Reports become dated from the time of publication.  Absence of unique identifier means that reports from police and NGOs cannot be matched on a one to one basis.  Mapping of attrition model for individuals through the system not possible without unique identifier.

Key Findings  Types of human trafficking  Sex trafficking 137 (68%)  Labour trafficking 48 (24%)  Uncategorised exploitation 14 (7%)  Sex and labour trafficking 2 (1%)  Gender  Female 177 (88%)  Male 24 (12%)  Age  Adults 149 (74%)  Children 52 (26%)  Regions  Various but West Africa and EU are the main source regions.

Key Findings

Gender of alleged victims

Age of alleged victims

Region of origin of alleged victims Region % Western Africa45.8 EU15.9 Southern Asia6.5 Southern Africa6.0 Ireland6.0 South East Asia4.5 Eastern Asia3.5 Europe Non- EU 3.0 Eastern Africa2.5 South East Africa 2.0 Northern Africa 2.0 Latin America1.5 The Caucasus0.5 Central Asia0.5 Total100.0

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