1. International Organization for Migration Human Trafficking and Statistics: The State of the Art Heikki Mattila, Research and Publications Division IOM Geneva, Switzerland

2. Irregular Migration Data Sources:  Border Apprehensions  Trafficking  Regularisations and Amnesties  Returns and Deportations

3. Irregular Migration Data  Net Immigration (EU & Efta 2003): 1 Million  Illegal Inflows to EU 15 (2001): 808,300  Regularizations: EU – 15 1995 – 2002: 2,5 Million 1973 - : < 4 Million

4. Border Apprehensions Long Term Trend in CEE, 1999 - 2003

5. Border Apprehensions

6. Regularizations in OECD Countries

7. Global Estimates  U.S. State Department, Trafficking in Persons Report 2004: 600,000 – 800,000 men, women and children trafficked yearly  European Commission 2001: 120,000 people trafficked into EU each year  Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) 2000: 200,000 women and children trafficked to OSCE countries each year  ILO 2002: 1.2 million children trafficked worldwide

8. Definition “ Trafficking in persons” shall mean the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs;” Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs;”

9. Issues & Areas  Poverty  Unemployment  Governance  Gender Equality  Crime  Migration  Security  Globalization  Labour Markets  Human Rights  Health

10. Types of Data  Indicators – Numbers of victims  Routes; Profiles & Modi Operandi of traffickers  Profiles of victims

11. Current Data Collection  Authorities: Social, Police, Immigration, Judiciary  Administrative data on assisted victims  NGOs & IGOs: Assisted cases  Research: Samples

12. Obstacles  Clandestine Phenomenon  Access to victims difficult  Reluctance of victims to report  Many players – fragmentary datasets  Difficult to distinguish in practice from smuggling, other exploitation, other prostitution  Taboos  No capacity nor tasking to collect data  Comparability: Differing Divisions of Labour  Comparability: No systematic exchange of information between agencies & countries

13. UNODC Database  Sources: Statistics, Research, NGOs, Media  500 Sources, 4,500 “cases”  Type of Trafficking; Countries; Profiles of Victims and Offenders; Prosecution Statistics  Country of Origin: Ukraine, Russia, Nigeria, Albania, Romania  Country of Destination; US, EU, Japan; Asia CEEC, Africa  Victims: 83% women, 4% men, 48% children  Type of Exploitation: 92% sexual exploitation 21% forced labour 21% forced labour

14. IOM Database Results as of July 2004  2791 victims  35 nationalities  7 top nationalities: Mol,Rom,Ukr,Bel,Bul,DomRep,Rus  Age: 13% under 18 years/ 72% under 24/ 90% under 30  50% worked  45% earned less than $50/month  57% earned less than $100/month  10% are married, 17% divorced or separated, 61% single  Single mothers: Mold: 26.50%, Ukr.: 32.3%, Dom.Rep.: 72.90%  46% of all known recruiters are females

15.  Better analysis of existing data  Better identification of indicators  Assistance & capacity building for more systematic data collection  Guidelines for harmonization  National coordinators  Regional coordination Suggestions