1. Developing National Capability for Integrated Border Management (IBM) in Lebanon Project Funded by the European Union Implemented by the International Centre for Migration Policy Development IMPORTANCE OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN INTEGRATED BORDER MANAGEMENT Matjaž Šaloven 29 October 2014

2. FORMS OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN IBM Exchange of information (e.g. general data on trends and patterns to data on fingerprints, DNA, data on persons, vehicles, fingerprints, etc) Exchange of intelligence (Interpol, Europol, OLAF, Frontex) Cooperation in investigations (joint investigation teams, EUROJUST) Cooperation in prosecutions (EUROJUST) Cooperation in confiscations of assets recovered by crime Cooperation in extraditions of sentenced persons Readmission of immigrants / voluntary return

3. IMPORTANCE OF IBM IN COMBATING TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED CRIME  Impact of transnational crime (economic, sociologic, psychologic, …)  Profits generated by some criminal networks exceed some state budgets  Linkages between criminal networks & terrorism NECESSARY ACTIONS  strengthened multiagency cooperation & information exchange  enhanced international cooperation

4. TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED CRIME & IBM IBM combats different types of transnational crime; smuggling of migrants trafficking in human beings smuggling of illicit firearms and drugs New forms of transnational crime; trafficking in organs (Kosovo) trafficking in cultural property (region) environmental crime - trafficking in protected species of wild fauna and flora Cybercrime and other types of crime (? ) INDICATIONS AND EVIDENCES FOR OTHER CRIMES

5. PRECONDITIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION Legal basis: The UN Convention on Transnational Organized Crime The Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children The Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air The Firearms Protocol A cybercrime protocol? Different bilateral and multilateral international agreements between the states / their institutions

6. OBSTACLES IN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION Lack of knowledge about partner institutions Lack of communication channels & central authorities Lack of providing information to relevant INTERPOL & EUROPOL databases Weak inter-agency cooperation within the states Proper classification of data More proactive approach Principle of availability & HIT / NO HIT (REAL HIT – DNA) ECRIS - European Criminal Record Information System (2012) EPRIS - European Police Record Information System (idea)

7. LESSONS LEARNED IN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION Specialized training for law enforcement, prosecutorial and judicial officials, such as training for those responsible for gathering evidence Networking and establishing connections Internal promotion of the existing tools and best practices in the countries Cross border crimes shall include concurrent financial investigations with a view to trace, freeze and confiscate proceeds acquired through such crimes Exchange of staff involved in international cooperation in the states

8. IBM & INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN LEBANON THE WAY AHEAD : -Adoption of the IBM Strategy & Action Plan -Appointment of an IBM Coordinator -IMPLEMENTATION of the IBM Strategy & Action Plan  Identification of gaps and agencies business needs in line with IBM best practices  drafting of MoUs on exchange of information & cooperation, development of IT (BMS)  ….