Transferability of bike sharing Implementing a new way of transport in European cities ECOMM Graz 2010Alberto Castro, Janett Büttner, Günter Emberger, Chris Williamson1 OBIS Optimising Bike sharing in European cities Vienna University of Technology Institute of Transportation Research Center of Transport Planning and Traffic engineering Alberto Castro

Transferability of bike sharing Implementing a new way of transport in European cities ECOMM Graz 2010Alberto Castro, Janett Büttner, Günter Emberger, Chris Williamson2 Content A.Bike sharing a.Definition b.Evolution c.Existing EU-projects B.EU-Project OBIS a.Partners b.Objectives & outputs C.Transferability study a.Key questions b.Sample c.Opening hours d.Technology e.Service throughout the year f.Monthly demand g.Bicycles per 10,000 h.Annual rents per bicycle i.Obstacles

Transferability of bike sharing Implementing a new way of transport in European cities ECOMM Graz 2010Alberto Castro, Janett Büttner, Günter Emberger, Chris Williamson3 A. Bike sharing. Definition Bicycle rental system which allows (without additional charge) to take a bicycle in one point and to return it in a different one, where the bicycle can be rented by another user.

Transferability of bike sharing Implementing a new way of transport in European cities ECOMM Graz 2010Alberto Castro, Janett Büttner, Günter Emberger, Chris Williamson4 A. Bike sharing. Evolution 1st generation, 60s –No registration & no fare 2nd generation, 90s –No registration but deposit 3rd generation, XXI century –Registration & fare –First scheme: Rennes,1998 –First large scale scheme: Lyon, 2005 –Biggest scheme: Paris, 2007 (>20,000 bikes) Nowadays about 300 European cities are provided with bike sharing schemes (BSS) 2nd generation: Bycyclen, Copenhagen Image: 1st generation: White bikes, Amsterdam Image: 3rd generation: Citybike Wien Image: Alberto Castro

Transferability of bike sharing Implementing a new way of transport in European cities ECOMM Graz 2010Alberto Castro, Janett Büttner, Günter Emberger, Chris Williamson5 A. Bike sharing. Existing EU-projects Part of a Working Group NICHES ( ) New and Innovative Concepts for Helping European transport Sustainability Own Working Group SPICYCLES ( ) Sustainable Planning & Innovation for biCYCLES Own Project OBIS ( ) Optimising Bike Sharing in European Cities

Transferability of bike sharing Implementing a new way of transport in European cities ECOMM Graz 2010Alberto Castro, Janett Büttner, Günter Emberger, Chris Williamson6 B. OBIS project. Partners Public authorities City of Berlin (DE) City of Barcelona (ES) PT operators DB Rent (DE) Transport for London (UK) Private companies Choice (DE) Altran DSD (ES) EFFIA (FR) Car Sharing Italia (IT) CDV (CZ) Research centres Vienna University of Technology (AT) Royal Institute of Technology (SE) CETE Lyon (FR) 15 Institutions from 9 countries Associations CTC (UK) Pomeranian Association Common Europe (PL) Ökoinstitut Südtirol (IT)

Transferability of bike sharing Implementing a new way of transport in European cities ECOMM Graz 2010Alberto Castro, Janett Büttner, Günter Emberger, Chris Williamson7 B.OBIS project. Objectives & outputs Objectives Good practices Success factors Limits of market potential Optimized strategies Outputs Work Package (WP) 2: Collection of data (finished) –10 Country reports –European transferability fact sheet WP 3: Identification of key attributes (in progress) WP 4: Practical cases. Evaluation and optimization of 9 BSS (in progress) WP 5: Manual and recommendations

Transferability of bike sharing Implementing a new way of transport in European cities ECOMM Graz 2010Alberto Castro, Janett Büttner, Günter Emberger, Chris Williamson8 C. Transferability study. Key questions There is a wide variety of BSS models Might be successful to transfer a BSS from a city, like Barcelona, to another, like a small town in Sweden? –Different city-size –Different climate –… Different cities require different models Image: Alberto Castro

Transferability of bike sharing Implementing a new way of transport in European cities ECOMM Graz 2010Alberto Castro, Janett Büttner, Günter Emberger, Chris Williamson9 C. Transferability study. Key questions For a given city… 1.What are the most convenient opening hours of a BSS? 2.What is the most convenient technology at the BSS station? 3.Which period of availability is the most convenient? 4.In which season will the BSS manage a peak of demand? 5.How long should be the rental period free of charge? 6.How many bicycles may be necessary? 7.How many yearly rents can be expected? 8.Which obstacles may arise when implementing a BSS?

Transferability of bike sharing Implementing a new way of transport in European cities ECOMM Graz 2010Alberto Castro, Janett Büttner, Günter Emberger, Chris Williamson10 C. Transferability study. Sample 51 BSS were studied –10 countries The BSS were sorted by city-size –Large cities: >500,000 inhabitants –Medium cities: 500, ,000 inhab. –Small cities: <100,000 inhabitans

Transferability of bike sharing Implementing a new way of transport in European cities ECOMM Graz 2010Alberto Castro, Janett Büttner, Günter Emberger, Chris Williamson11 C. Transferability study. Opening hours The larger the city, the wider the opening hours of the BSS Reason: –Technology at the station 1. What are the most convenient opening hours of the BSS?

Transferability of bike sharing Implementing a new way of transport in European cities ECOMM Graz 2010Alberto Castro, Janett Büttner, Günter Emberger, Chris Williamson12 C. Transferability study. Technology The larger the city, the higher the technology at the BSS station Reasons: –High-tech BSS are costly and smaller cities have limited budget –Lower technology access is provided in smaller cities 2. What is the most convenient technology for the BSS station?

Transferability of bike sharing Implementing a new way of transport in European cities ECOMM Graz 2010Alberto Castro, Janett Büttner, Günter Emberger, Chris Williamson13 C. Transferability study. Service throughout the year The warmer the city, the wider the availability throughout the year Reason: –Low demand during winter 3. What is the most convenient period of availability?

Transferability of bike sharing Implementing a new way of transport in European cities ECOMM Graz 2010Alberto Castro, Janett Büttner, Günter Emberger, Chris Williamson14 C. Transferability study. Monthly demand Cold cities (<11°C) –Wide range of demand –Peak in summer –Very low demand in winter Warm cities (>11°C) –Relative constant demand –High demand in spring and autumn 4. In which season will the BSS manage a peak of demand?

Transferability of bike sharing Implementing a new way of transport in European cities ECOMM Graz 2010Alberto Castro, Janett Büttner, Günter Emberger, Chris Williamson15 C. Transferability study. Period free of charge The larger the city, the higher the share of BSS with 30 minutes free of charge The smaller the city, the higher the share of BSS with unlimited free rental Reason: –Rental periods without charge encourage use 5. How long should be the rental period free of charge?

Transferability of bike sharing Implementing a new way of transport in European cities ECOMM Graz 2010Alberto Castro, Janett Büttner, Günter Emberger, Chris Williamson16 C. Transferability study. Bicycles per 10,000 inhab. Wide rage of values within each city-size Similar average in all city-sizes 6. How many bicycles may be necessary?

Transferability of bike sharing Implementing a new way of transport in European cities ECOMM Graz 2010Alberto Castro, Janett Büttner, Günter Emberger, Chris Williamson17 C. Transferability study. Annual rents per bicycle Wide range of values within each city-size The larger the city, the higher the number of rents per bicycle Reasons: –High population density High PT usage 7. How many yearly rents can be expected?

Transferability of bike sharing Implementing a new way of transport in European cities ECOMM Graz 2010Alberto Castro, Janett Büttner, Günter Emberger, Chris Williamson18 C. Transferability study. Obstacles 8. Which obstacles may arise when implementing the BSS?

Transferability of bike sharing Implementing a new way of transport in European cities ECOMM Graz 2010Alberto Castro, Janett Büttner, Günter Emberger, Chris Williamson19 C. Transferability study. Obstacles 8. Which obstacles might arise when implementing the BSS?

Transferability of bike sharing Implementing a new way of transport in European cities ECOMM Graz 2010Alberto Castro, Janett Büttner, Günter Emberger, Chris Williamson20 Thank you very much for your attention Alberto Castro The sole responsibility for the content of this document lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Communities. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.