Information Services and Systems How to reference with APA6 style

Information Services and Systems Why reference? Avoid accusations of plagiarism – reference all ideas you use Traceability - ensure someone else can find your sources Good referencing is a basic academic requisite Demonstrate that you have read widely

Information Services and Systems What is plagiarism exactly? “Plagiarism can be defined as using another person’s work or ideas without appropriate acknowledgement and submitting it for assessment, as though it was one’s own work, for instance through copying or paraphrasing”. (Swansea University’s Code of Practice for dealing with cases of unfair practice 2012/13)

Information Services and Systems Examples of plagiarism Use of quotations from the published or unpublished work of another person which have not been clearly identified as such by use of in-text citation and a reference Summarising another person’s ideas judgements, figures, software or diagrams without a reference Use of services (paid or unpaid) of ghost writing agencies Use of unacknowledged material downloaded from the internet Submission of another student’s work as your own.

Information Services and Systems Beware! Universities use special software to detect plagiarism Penalties vary according to level of student and amount plagiarised. Penalties range from reduction in marks or resubmission of an assignment to expulsion.

Information Services and Systems APA 6th – what is it? An example of an author-date (Havard) referencing style. Used by many subject areas in SU : including School of Management APA=American Psychological Association, 6 th ed.

Information Services and Systems Three steps to successful referencing Keep track of the sources you’ve used (the appropriate details + page numbers). Follow the APA guidelines on Blackboard and on the APA Style website. Pay attention to detail (punctuation & formatting).

Information Services and Systems What does APA referencing involve? Citations in the body of your work (author and date) Reference list at the end: alphabetical order by author

Information Services and Systems The reference list A book reference (two authors) Malhotra, N. K. & Birks, D. F. (2007). Marketing research: An applied approach (3rd ed.). Harlow: FT Prentice Hall.

Information Services and Systems The reference list A chapter in a book Jermier, J. M. & Forbes, L.C. (2003). Greening organizations: Critical issues. In M. Alvesson & H. Willmott (Eds.), Studying management critically (pp ). London: Sage

Information Services and Systems The reference list An article in a journal: Palmer, A. & Koenig-Lewis, N. (2011). The effects of pre-enrolment emotions and peer group interaction on students’ satisfaction. Journal of Marketing Management, 27,

Information Services and Systems The reference list A document on the web: Bank of England. (2013). Inflation report, August Retrieved from ocuments/inflationreport/2013/ir13aug.pdf

Information Services and Systems Datasets & Statistics 1 : a published dataset (e.g. a PDF) Corporate author. (year). Title of dataset. Retrieved Month day, year, from name of database or supplier URL. Office for National Statistics. (2011). UK trade, May Retrieved November 25, 2011, from ONS /uk-trade.pdf

Information Services and Systems Datasets & Statistics 2: a company report on FAME Financial Analysis Made Easy. (2012). John Wiley & Sons Ltd : Company financial data. Retrieved from

Information Services and Systems Mintel Oxygen report Price, A. (2013). Coffee – UK – August Retrieved from

Information Services and Systems Mintel Global Markets Navigator data Mintel. (2012). Coffee in China. Retrieved November 13, 2013, from Mintel Global Markets Navigator

Information Services and Systems In-text citations Basic rule is (Name, Year of publication) e.g. (Davies, 2013) But ask yourself: How many author names should be included in each citation?

Information Services and Systems In-text citation – one author Basic rule: (Shakespeare, 1599) Variations: Shakespeare explored the life of Henry V (1599)..... In 1599 a play was performed (Shakespeare)....

Information Services and Systems In-text citation – two authors Basic rule: (Lennon & McCartney, 1967) Variation: Lennon and McCartney (1967) wrote A Day in the Life...

Information Services and Systems In-text citation (3-5 authors) In-text citation First mention (Parkin, Powell, & Matthews, 2012) Subsequent mentions (Parkin et al., 2012) Full reference Parkin, M., Powell, M., & Matthews, K. (2012). Economics, 8 th.ed. Harlow: Addison Wesley.

Information Services and Systems In-text citation (more than six authors) If there are six authors or more only the first author is cited followed by et al. Example: (Yamada et al., 2003) NOTE: et al is Latin for “and others”.

Information Services and Systems Common queries: secondary referencing. Can I reference an author when I haven’t read the original source? In the first instance try to get hold of the original source to check the information – misquotes are quite common. Keep secondary referencing to a minimum. Examples In-text citation Kleinman (1996) cited in Cunningham-Burley (1998) has argued... or It is the non-professional arena that illness is first defined (Kleinman, 1996, cited in Cunningham-Burley, 1998)

Information Services and Systems Common queries: how do I give a direct quote? Short Quote Example: Research (Miele, 1993, p.276) found that "the placebo effect disappeared" in this case Long Quotes If the quotation is 40 words or more then do not use quotation marks, but indent the quotation by half an inch on the left margin. Careful consideration of method is needed with data collection as it... is a practical activity, one that has to be carried out with time, spatial and resource constraints. It is therefore important to consider how valid social research data can be collected effectively and efficiently within those constraints. The history of social research has included the development of a range of research ‘tools’ to help social researchers to organise and manage the task of data collection. (Matthews & Ross, 2010, p.181).

Information Services and Systems Common queries: when should I include the page number? In text Use page numbers in text if you are referring to precise information in the source (either a direct or indirect quote). “In the first sense, social care is different from social work – it is a term used for residential, day care and domiciliary services, perhaps assessed and commissioned by a social worker, but not (necessarily) delivered by a qualified social worker.” (Dickens, 2010, p. 130). In bibliography Dickens, J. (2010). Social work and social policy: An introduction. London: Routledge.