1. Referencing APA (6th ed.)

2. Referencing
Academic writing requires you to understand the ideas and writing of other people. You should always acknowledge the work of others Referencing your source material also allows your readers to find your sources and read them for themselves It stops you plagiarising! Chichester College uses Harvard APA 6th edition, following the style used at the University of Portsmouth
Explain the term “plagiarising”

3. Harvard referencing
In the main part of your essay you need to detail clearly the surname of the author you are quoting from and the year their work was published (add a page number if appropriate) – citation The reader should then be able to cross-reference this to a more detailed list at the end - reference list
So, how do we actually go about referencing.
When you are writing your report/essay, if you want to quote from someone's work, you should place the surname of the Author and the year that the work was published along with a page number in the main text of your work. This is known as a CITATION.
At the end of your essay, you will have a detailed list of all the sources. This is called the REFERENCE LIST.
It is really important that both the citations and the reference list are consistent, uniform and really easy to understand!
This is the suggested system for use in Chichester College. There are others! Check with your teacher that this is what they require.

4. Direct quotes Use the exact words from the book or web page
Keep them brief, just a few words or a couple of sentences
Put quotation marks around the quote
Add a citation and reference to show where you found the information

5. Indirect quotes
It is better to rewrite the information you find in your own words
You can summarise or paraphrase the information
You still need to provide a citation and reference as you didn’t create the original information yourself

6. Summarising
To summarise you need to give a brief overview of the information
Include the main idea and key points in your own words
It should be much shorter than the original writing

7. Paraphrasing
To paraphrase you need to completely rewrite the information in your own words
It shows what you know and understand about the subject
It should be about the same length as the original information

8. How to avoid plagiarising – and last minute panics
Good record keeping and note taking are essential to this process
Do not copy and paste from the internet into your notes
Read the article, make your own notes and use these for your assignment
Make sure you collect the information you need to reference the webpage
Have a system to keep track of your sources of information
Write a reference for every source you think you might use
You can collect these by using a spreadsheet, document, sheets of paper or cards

9. Examples of citations (books)
Direct quotation
Fill (2013, p. 76) states that “the four main ways in which sensory stimuli can be organised are figure-ground, grouping, closure and contour”. or
“The four main ways in which sensory stimuli can be organised are figure-ground, grouping, closure and contour” (Fill, 2013, p. 76).
Indirect quotation
Fill (2013, p. 76) identifies four sensory perception factors.
There are four sensory perception factors (Fill, 2013, p. 76).

10. Examples of citations from webpages
Note – Webpages do not always have all the information available in other sources. Use the following formats.
Direct quotation
“How could we grab the attention of a generation of teens and persuade them that cereals were intensely cool?” (Kellogg’s, 2014).
Direct quotation with no date
“Time management is about making things happen, rather than having them happen to you. You need to get control!” (Greenhow, n.d.).
Indirect quotation with no author
In a roundup of the latest mobile payment technologies (“Google takes on Apple”, 2015) …

11. References
The reference you write in your reference list will give all the details of the source where you read the original quotation The reference list should be one alphabetical list and include references to all types of resource used Begin each reference with the surname of the author/editor or the organisation name which you used to begin the citation

12. Title
Marketing communications: brands, experiences and participation
Author
Fill, C.
Publisher
Pearson
Place
Harlow
Edition
6th ed.
Year
2013
This example shows where to find all the information necessary to compile a book reference

13. APA references books
Author, Initials. (year). Title of book (Edition, if later than first e.g. 3rd ed.). Place of publication: Publisher. Fill, C. (2013). Marketing communications: brands, experiences and participation (6th ed.). Harlow: Pearson.

14. APA references - webpages
The basic pattern for a webpage is Author’s surname, Initials. Or organisation (year, when site was produced or document published). Title. Retrieved from Internet address Kellogg’s. (2014). Kellogg's Krave: the quest for the chocovore idol. Retrieved from

15. Webpage information If no year is given write n.d.
You can use an organisation as an author if you cannot see the name of a person
If no author is given begin with the title of the document
You must include the words Retrieved from before the web address
If the document is part of a large website e.g. a government department, give the name of the department followed by a colon : before the web address

16. APA References Webpage examples
Webpage with no date
Greenhow, M. (n.d.). Study skills online. Retrieved from
Webpage with no author
Google takes on Apple with Android Pay. (2015). Retrieved from the BBC News website:

17. APA references Articles – printed sources
Magazine article:
Barrett, L. (2001, August 23). Daewoo’s drive to survive in the UK. Marketing Week,
Journal article:
McQueen, H., & Webber, J. (2009). What is very important to learning? Journal of Further and Higher Education, 33(3),

18. Over to you…
Create a citation & reference for the book using the photocopied sheets provided Citation Remember Author surname, year, page number Reference Author surname, Initials. (year). Title of book (Edition, if later than first e.g. 3rd ed.). Place of publication: Publisher.

19. Answer
Citation
Mullins (2010, p. 151) points out “Tests can sample behaviour only at one particular moment in time”.
Reference
Mullins, L. J. (2010). Management & organisational behaviour (9th ed.). Harlow : Pearson.

20. Exercise 2
Create a citation and reference for this monthly magazine article using the photocopied sheets Citation Author surname, year, page number Reference Author surname, Initials. (year, month). Title of article. Title of magazine, page number.

21. Answer
Handy (2012, p. 36) suggests that “the next good idea would be to require directors to obey the law and put the long-term interests of the company as a whole before those of themselves…”. Handy, C. (2012, October). The unintended consequences of good ideas. Harvard Business Review, 36.

22. Secondary referencing “What if I haven’t read the original source?”
If you haven’t read the original source you don’t need to give the details of the original in your reference list
You should reference the source you actually read
You need to cite both sources, the original author and date and the source where you found it

23. Secondary referencing example
“The direction and scope of an organization over the longer term, which ideally matches its resources to its changing environment . . .”
This definition of strategy found on page 113 of a management handbook by Michael Armstrong published in 2006 is attributed to authors Johnson and Scholes from an original source published in 1993.

24. Secondary citation & reference
Citation for both sources “The direction and scope of an organization over the longer term, which ideally matches its resources to its changing environment …” (Johnson & Scholes, 1993, cited by Armstrong, 2006, p. 113). Reference for the book you actually read Armstrong, M. (2006). A handbook of human resource management practice (10th ed.). London: Kogan Page.

25. Sample reference list
Your reference list will include all resources in one alphabetical sequence by author
Armstrong, M. (2006). A handbook of human resource management practice (10th ed.). London: Kogan Page.
Barrett, L. (2001, August 23). Daewoo’s drive to survive in the UK. Marketing Week,
Fill, C. (2013). Marketing communications: brands, experiences and participation. (6th ed.). Harlow: Pearson.
Google takes on Apple with Android Pay. (2015). Retrieved from the BBC News website:
Greenhow, M. (n.d.). Study skills online. Retrieved from
Kellogg’s. (2014). Kellogg's Krave: the quest for the chocovore idol. Retrieved from
McQueen, H., & Webber, J. (2009). What is very important to learning? Journal of Further and Higher Education, 33(3),

26. Where to get help - online

29. Where to get help
You can download the Chichester College referencing handouts from the library page in Chichester Online
Ask in the library if you would like further help with referencing