Emily McIntyre Katie Vivian Michelle Ramalho TREN 4P10 Where Do We Go From Here? Community Focused Tourism Development And The Possibility for Change In Today’s Tourism Industry Emily McIntyre Katie Vivian Michelle Ramalho TREN 4P10

Agenda Introduction Sustainability and Community-based Tourism Case Study: Operation Wallacea, Indonesia Stakeholder Involvement and Participation Collaboration and Partnerships Stakeholder Activity Benefits of Community-based Tourism Obstacles to Community-based Tourism Recommendations for the Future Conclusion

Introduction Key Terms Community Based Tourism:___ (Katie maybe that definition from your paper could go here) Development:__ Sustainable:___ Responsible/Ethical or best practice development:___ ?? Questions to keep in mind…(these could also go on the handout for class to think of throughout pres.) Who is traditionally involved in development decisions within tourism? (Locally, at destinations) Based on your previous answer, why do you think this is the case? Can you recall any examples (local/global) where community based tourism development has, or should have been used?

Sustainability and Community-based Tourism Empowering Communities Providing Opportunities Grassroots involvement Democracy and Holistic Planning Break free from the destructive influences of mass tourism Regard for Socio-cultural and economic conditions Treated as subjects, and not objects I think it might be useful to ask a small discussion question after each topic/issue we discuss to keep the class engaged and interested …for example Discussion: What role do you think sustainability plays in local residents’ lives? Recalling that a significant amount of tourism activity occurs in developing or LDC’s (Lesser Developed Countries), consider the following quote “…how can someone whose children are without food be expected to case about elephants?” (As cited in Sharpley & Roberts, 2004). --This question will get the class to question this idea that sustainable development is always positive. (Note that elephants can be substituted for: energy efficient taps in hotels, offsetting airplane emissions en route to the destination etc.) -Michelle

Case Study: Operation Wallacea, Indonesia Stakeholder involvement in processes Traditional knowledge and cultural variables Education in Resource management and English Radio Announcements Work with Non-profit FORKANI Environmental and Cultural preservation Initiatives to spread the income Maybe this could be one of the case studies for the group discussions towards the end of the presentation -Michelle

Doxey’s Irridex

Stakeholder Involvement and Participation Local Control All voices should be heard Stakeholder’s involved in all processes from the beginning Indigenous systems are often more sustainable (Sharpley and Telfer, 2002) Harmonized with cultural traditions Community cohesion and cooperation Source: Brocku.ca/campusministries.com

Collaboration and Partnerships Lack of coordination in developing countries Collaborative effort is necessary for success in developing tourism (Bramwell and Lane, 2002) Private, Public and Government Agencies Cross-border Cooperation Co-management as a solution to share resources (Plummer and Fitzgibbon, 2004) Collaboration under Sustainable Development Do you believe partnerships in tourism development initiatives between the aforementioned groups (locals, government and tourism officials) are mutually beneficial? Instead of a debate maybe this could be a discussion question asking…Do you believe partnerships in tourism development initiatives between the aforementioned groups (locals, government, and tourism officials) are mutually beneficial ? Why/Why not. -Michelle

Partnerships (Bramwell and Lane, 2000) Benefits -Range of stakeholders involved for change and improvements  -Democracy  -Social acceptance  -Coordination of policies  - Importance of non-economic issues  -Pooling of resources  -Non-tourism activities may be encouraged Barriers -Limited tradition of stakeholders participating in policy making -Difficult for equal representation  -Healthy conflict may be stifled  -Collaborative efforts may be under-resourced   -May block innovation  -Costly & time consuming  

Benefits of Community-based Tourism Higher degree of local participation Community-friendly destinations Infrastructure development Local products and labour Raises community-awareness Economic benefits

Obstacles to Community-based Tourism Traditional views of Power concentration Political power or coercion Role of Women Inadequate local expertise in tourism A sense of inadequacy Economic Issues Discussion: Based on the arguments for both sides of ‘the issues of partnerships’, which elements from each side do you think should be included to ensure ‘best practice development’ in host destinations? -Michelle

Conclusion Community-based tourism provides a more sustainable alternative than mass tourism Role of Community leaders Continual monitoring and management Potential for Political, Social, Economic and Psychological empowerment Acheives sustainability, harmony and cultural integrity

Questions --Could this slide be about the group case study activity instead? (if we are going to ask questions through out) -Michelle

Recommendations for the Future Maybe we could save this part and use it as an addition to our conclusion …after the groups have gone through their case studies they could each come up with one recommendation. Then we could put up this slide and compare them to our own. -Michelle

References Bramwell, B. and Lane, B. (2000). Tourism Collaboration and Partnerships: Politics, Practice and Sustainability. Great Britain: Biddles Ltd. Jamal, T. and Getz, D. (1995). Collaboration theory and Community Tourism Planning. Annals of Tourism Research 22 (1), 186-204. Plummer, R. and Fitzgibbon, J. (2004). Co-Management of Natural Resources: A Proposed Framework. Environmental Management 33 (6), 876-885. Sharpley, R. and Telfer, D. (2002). Tourism and Development: Concepts and Issues. Clevedon: Channel View Publications. Sharpley, R. & Roberst, L. (2004) Rural tourism – 10 years on. International Journal of Tourism Research 6, 119-124.