Warm-up Describe what Hellenistic culture is.

Roman Republic

Rome Map p. 151 and p. 156 for the maps Things I also want you to mark on this map: – Greece – Mesopotamia (just off the map, so point an arrow in its direction) – Mediterranean Sea – Shade in areas controlled by Rome What differences do you see between the geography of Rome and Greece?

Beginning of Rome Founded on area in central Italy with 7 hills Originally a kingdom Tarquin the Proud – last king of Rome – Abuses his power After, Romans say, “Never again will one person rule Rome.” Rome forms a republic

What is a republic? Republic – form of government where power is in the hands of citizens who vote on their representatives – Does this sound familiar? What’s the difference between a democracy and a republic? Patricians – upper class – considered themselves the ancestors of Rome’s founders Plebeians – common people in Rome

Checks and Balances Checks and Balances - System meant to prevent one person or group from getting too much power In Rome, three groups, all have the ability to limit the powers of the other two groups – United States has similar system – 3 branches of government, none have complete power of government

U.S. Checks and Balances

Roman Army Legions – improvement on phalanx Fight in groups – much better organized, and better weapons and armor Use army to take over Italy, begin to control trade on Mediterranean Sea /watch?v=zgywD3XJaWU /watch?v=zgywD3XJaWU

Punic Wars Carthage a rival of Athens from North Africa 264 BCE – 1 st Punic War – Rome defeats Carthage – Fought over control of island of Sicily 218 BCE – 2 nd Punic War – Rome wins again – Led by general named Hannibal, tried to attack Rome by leading army through the Alps – Works at first, but Rome attacks Carthage, burns it to the ground, sells people into slavery

Twelve Tables Twelve Tables - Roman set of laws – Similar to Code of Hammurabi – post the laws so that everyone knew them – Attempt to make fair laws for people to follow