GIVE ME LIBERTY Chapter 1 FONER GIVE ME LIBERTY Chapter 1
What does “Discovery of America” mean? A NEW WORLD From Land Bridge to THIRTEEN Colonies What does “Discovery of America” mean?
©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc ©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license. THE FIRST AMERICANS global warming early migration agriculture Anasazi Aztecs Incas Mound Builders Western Indians Eastern Indians African and Asian sculptures and artifacts have been found in the Americas which pre-date Columbus. What does this mean?
Indian Society Distinguishing factors Common characteristics cities, roads, irrigation systems, pyramids Common characteristics lacked metal tools, gunpowder, machines, and literacy Political management-tribal Religion-A single creator stands atop the spiritual hierarchy Absence of shared identity Land and property Gender-women guarded tradition matrilineal warfare left women without partners Conceptions of freedom Desire for peaceful trade
Europe on the eve of Conquest Portugal Spain France Dutch English Russia Development of caravel, compass, quadrant = _____?
THREE WORLDS COLLIDE: Exploration and Conquest of America NOTE: Diverse WEST AFRICAN cultures share common features Slavery in African PREDATES the Europeans
Exploring North America SPAIN Expulsion of the Jews, Muslims Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria conquistadores Florida St. Augustine Southwest Onate Santa Fe Pueblo Revolt (Pope) FRENCH DUTCH
Principal Spanish Explorations of North America Cabrillo Principal Spanish Explorations of North America
Who am I? I am responsible for giving Amerigo Vespucci credit for discovering the new world!
Q: Who am I? I am responsible for giving Amerigo Vespucci credit for discovering the new world! A: Martin Waldseemüller
The Spanish Empire in America Spain explores region from Mexico to Florida Vast majority of natives killed by European diseases Small, well organized Spanish military forces overcame native empires (conquistadores) Columbian Exchange begins Justification for conquest-superiority of European culture Religion becomes conflict between natives and explorers Spanish establish imperial government-viceroys, lawyers Spain’s New World economy is tied to mercantilism Spanish establish encomienda system-forced Indian labor
Mexico Under the Aztecs, 1519
Spain and Portugal Divide the Globe ©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license.
Spanish Empire and Global Labor System: young single men, forced Indian labor, African slaves
Impact on the Indians Columbian Exchange freedom civilize the Indian Disastrous decline in Indian population freedom civilize the Indian coexistence conquest Black Legend-uniquely cruel Las Casas
French Colonization Explorers Cartier LaSalle Champlain Marquette Trade Metal items (knives) for beaver pelts Indians-friendly Christianity Early French settlers were mostly single men-Why? Gold Northwest passage
Dutch Colonization Henry Hudson-sought Northwest passage, New York harbor New Netherland, New Amsterdam Indians International commerce, joint stock companies Freedom of the press; broad religious toleration
French, Dutch influence in the 1600s Christianity, technology, new legal systems and family relations, economic enterprise, wealth creation