1. Key Concept 1
-Before the arrival of Europeans, native populations in North America developed a wide variety of social, political, and economic structures based in part on interactions with the environment and each other.

2. Before Contact Land bridge from Siberia to Alaska
Migrated Southward from Atlantic Circle
Amerinidians: million people

3. Societies Small sedentary societies Authority Beliefs
Matrilineal and Matrilocal
No personal ownership of land
Authority
Generosity was repaid with authority
Chiefs elected based on being a good leader
Beliefs
Animism
Believed animals have soul’s the same as humans

4. Native American Societies
Great Basin and Great Plains
Few natural resources led to mobile/nomadic societies
Hunted Bison in arid dry areas
Pueblo eventually developed irrigation system to allow them to plant crops
Northeast/Atlantic Seaboard
Climate more conducive to farming
Iroquois Confederacy helped organize a large group of tribes
Traditional hunting for more stationary animals and fish
Waterways allowed for trade

5. Native American Societies
Southeast-Mississippi River Valley
Cherokee
Sedentary with waterways
Cahokia, Mound builders
Pacific Northwest
Sedentary societies
Vast trade networks
Intricate cultures (Potluck)

6. Maize Cultivation
Incan and Mayan civilization agriculture systems primarily based on maize cultivation
Transformed nomadic hunting groups into agricultural villagers
Improved diets, culture, and trade
Stable food source

7. European Contact Reasons for explorations Societal Factors
Cultural Movement influenced by the Renaissance
Promoted Gold, Glory, and God
Commerce
Nationalism
Catholicism
Societal Factors
Feudalism
Primogeniture
Aided by new technologies
Sextant
Caravel

8. Columbus Attempts to sail to India in 1492 The Columbian Exchange
Arrives at North America
Conquers the local Indians by using smallpox
Gave Natives gifts covered in diseases
100 years = 90% of Native Population gone
The Columbian Exchange
Exchange of plants, animals, food, and disease
Between Old World and New World

9. Spanish Colonization Conquest of West Indies by Conquistadors
Hernan Cortes conquers the Aztec
Impacts
“Casta” System
Mixed races
Metis, Mestizo, Mulatto, Zambo
Mita System
Required Indian to give labor
Mission System
Catholic Church
Forced Natives to build/work/convert
Encomienda System

10. French Colonization Settled by young, single men
Good relations with Natives
Focused on fur trade
Jesuits
Catholic missionaries sought to convert the Natives

11. Dutch Colonization Dutch East India Company
Fur trade, farming failed, used real estate
New Netherland, New Amsterdam
Had conflict with neighboring tribes

12. English/Results Defeated Spanish Armada Led to population growth
Economic superiority
Joint Stock Companies provided investors to buy stock in a company in return for a share of its future profits
Results
Farms cultivated
Firearms spread
Alcohol/Tobacco
Global Empires
Capitalism
Increased emigration