Do Due Compare and contrast the 2 maps below, get up to look closer Do Now #30 Compare and contrast the 2 maps below, get up to look closer Due Today New York Times Dialect Quiz Response

Unit 3: Cultural Patterns and Processes Religions

Homework Due December 4/5 Due December 8/9 Due December 12/15 4 Level Analysis: USA Religion / Region Map Due December 8/9 Field Study: Ethnic Grocery Store Submit on Google Drive Religion Profile Poster Summative group project Due December 12/15 Unit 3 Graphic Vocabulary Chapters 4, 5, 6, and 7 Chapter 4, 5, 6 Reading Guide (75% of summative)

World Religions A Brief History

Judaism About 14 million adherents Ethnic / Monotheistic Founder: Abraham Hearth: Middle East 1st Monotheistic religion

Judaism ABRAHAM SARAH HAGAR Isaac Ishmael Judeo-Christian Islamic

Judaism – Basic Beliefs One God God’s “Chosen” people Do not recognize Jesus as the messiah VERY tied to the land - Israel

Judaism - Divisions Hasidic Jews - Ultra Orthodox

Christianity 2 billion adherents – largest Universalizing/Monotheistic Founder: Jesus Hearth: Palestine - Jesus was born in Palestine during the height of the Roman Empire.

Christianity - Basics One God Jesus is the messiah – son of God. Jesus died for the sins of all people.

Christianity - Divisions During the Middle Ages - THE GREAT SCHISM Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox split Disagreed over using icons (images of God-Jesus-Saints)

Christianity - Divisions During the Renaissance – THE REFORMATION Some felt the Church was corrupt and abusing its power. Martin Luther – German monk Protestant – Broke away from Rome. Hundreds of Protestant divisions (Baptist, Lutheran, Methodist)

Christianity - Divisions The Church of England Same time as Reformation

Church of England

Islam 1.3 billion adherents – second Universalizing/Monotheistic Founder: Muhammad Hearth: Mecca (Modern day Saudi Arabia)

Islam - Basics One God (Same God as Christians and Jews) 5 pillars - Only one God (Allah) and Muhammad is his prophet. - pray 5 times daily facing Mecca - Giving to the poor - Fasting during Ramadan - Pilgrimage to Mecca

Islam - Divisions When Muhammad died there was disagreement over who should succeed him. Muslims split into two groups: SUNNI SHIITE (Shi’a) Caliph Muh. Descendant

Hinduism 900 million adherents - third Ethnic/Monotheistic Founder: No specific Hearth: Northwestern India one of the most ancient religions.

Hinduism - Basics One God – Brahman Brahman is “manifest” as hundreds of different gods. Goal: To be united with Brahman at death. Takes many lifetimes – reincarnation.

Hinduism - Divisions Not really “divisions” Most Hindu’s ally themselves with a specific god. Vaishnavism – Vishnu Sivaism - Shiva

Buddhism 400 million adherents Universalizing / non-theistic Founder: Siddartha Guatama (the Buddha) Hearth: Present day Nepal. North of India.

Buddhism - Basics Goal – Achieve enlightenment 4 Noble Truths - to live is to endure suffering - suffering is caused by desire - Cure for suffering = end desire (Nirvana) - Achieve Nirvana by following the eightfold path

Buddhism - Basics If you reach Nirvana you are freed from the cycle of rebirth.

Buddhism - Divisions Followers disagreed on how to interpret the teachings of the Buddha (Siddartha Guatama) Mahayana Theravada Tantrayana Tibetan

Re-cap like whoa. 5,000 years of religion in 90 seconds 1st time watch for all movements 2nd time watch for assigned religion and explain diffusions Hinduism Judaism Buddhism Christianity Islam

The Roots of Religion Animism (Shamanism) - the belief that all objects, animals, and beings are “animated” or possess a spirit and a conscious life. Also called shamanism because of the prominence of a Shaman. Such beliefs are common among hunter-gatherers. These were the first people 10% of Africans follow such traditional ethnic religions. These beliefs are losing ground to Christianity and Islam throughout Africa. Nigerian Shaman

There are 2 types of religions: Universalizing Ethnic Religions that attempt to be global and appeal to all people. Branches-(Large Fundamental Divisions in religion) Catholic- Protestant- Greek Orthodox Denominations (Groups within a branch) Roman Catholic- Baptist- Sects (Smaller groups that have broken away) Ultra Catholic- Southern Baptist- Amish Religions that primarily appeal to one group of people living in one place. More closely tied to the physical geography of a particular region, especially with agriculture. Shintoism Hinduism

World Distribution of Religions

Geographical Distribution Of Major World Religions

World Population by Religion

Major Religious Hearths

Diffusion of Universalizing Religions

How do Universalizing and Ethnic Religions Differ? Has meaning in particular place only. Unknown source. Content focused on place and landscape of origin. Followers highly clustered. Holidays based on local climate and agricultural practice. Universalizing Appeal to people everywhere Individual founder (prophet) Message diffused widely (missionaries) Followers distributed widely. Holidays based on events in founder’s life.

How do Universalizing and Ethnic Religions Differ? diffuse mainly at the expense of the smaller ethnic religions, and often a semi-hybrid religion will result with concepts from both the ethnic religion and the universalizing religion intertwined. rarely diffuse, and when they do, it is to a small extent. Judaism is an exception in that it has diffused widely throughout the years, mainly because its people have had to flee persecution from many areas in the world. Diaspora

How do Universalizing and Ethnic Religions Differ? Cosmogony and calendars Ethnic Cosmogony and calendars universalizing religion stories often attempt to explain the mystical. Universalizing religions’ main purpose in calendars is to commemorate events in the founder’s life, thus the seasons or weather are not central to the structure. Ethnic religious creation stories tend to deal with the physical environment and natural events Ethnic religions typically organize their calendars around the seasons, other natural events, or the physical geography.

Shrine, Bangalore, India Syncretism - the mixing of two or more religions that creates unique rituals, artwork, and beliefs. Examples include syncretism of Christianity and indigenous beliefs in the Americas, Africa, and Asia. Caribbean Voodoo (Haiti, Louisiana) Santeria Christianity in Indigenous Latin American Voodoo Dolls, Haiti Shrine, Bangalore, India

Syncretism - the mixing of two or more religions that creates unique rituals, artwork, and beliefs.

Religious Organization New Religious Movements or Cults New religious movement (NRM): small secretive religious groups that represent either a new religion or a major innovation of an existing faith Similar to sects Tend to be small Viewed as less respectable than more established faiths

Follow your directions handouts and begin work on this summative project In addition to your text books, resources have been made available to you on my website Religion Profiles

Do Due Do Now #31 Due Today With a map, explain the religious conflict in the Horn of Africa Use geographic vocabulary where appropriate 4 Level Analysis: USA Religion / Region Map

Homework Due December 8/9 Due December 12/15 Field Study: Ethnic Grocery Store Submit on Google Drive Religion Profile Poster Summative group project Due December 12/15 Unit 3 Graphic Vocabulary Chapters 4, 5, 6, and 7 Chapter 4, 5, 6 Reading Guide (75% of summative)

Interfaith Boundary in Africa

The Horn of Africa Amharic (Coptic) Christianity is in central Ethiopia Islam diffused into the Horn of Africa Indigenous religions remain in pockets ,

Why do territorial conflicts arise among religious groups? RELIGION IS ARGUABLY THE MOST VOLITALE OF ALL HUMAN RELATIONS AND THE SOURCE OF MOST VIOLENCE THROUGHOUT HISTORY. Fundamentalism- the literal interpretation and strict intense adherence to one’s religious principles. Fundamentalists try to return society to its religious ways. The most obvious example is the Taliban in Afghanistan. Caste- the class or distinct hereditary order into which a Hindu was assigned according to religious law.

Religious Fundamentalism and Extremism a return to the basics of their faith. found in Christianity, Judaism, and Islam Religious extremism – fundamentalism carried to the point of violence.

Islamic Extremists and Jihad an Islamic holy war against the West

Religious Conflicts Religion vs. government policies Religion vs. social change Religion vs. Communism Religion vs. religion Religious wars in the Middle East Religious wars in Ireland

Religion vs. government policies Religion vs. social change—exposure to beliefs and values originating in MDCs in LDCs because of participation in global economy and culture can cause conflicts Taliban vs. Western Values—1996, welcomed by international community because of Russian aggression, strict Islamic laws as interpreted by the Taliban, gross violence toward lawbreakers, banned “western, non-Islamic” activities, defeated by US forces in 2001, regrouped and have resumed fight to control Afghanistan

Hiduism vs. Social Equality 1800s British introduced their social and moral concepts to Indians Caste system—hereditary order assigned at birth 1. priests/top administrator 2. warrior 3. merchant 4. agricultural worker/artisan Untouchables—indigenous non-Aryans Strong opposition for government quota on untouchable places in university programs

Religion vs. Communism Religion is nearly always suppressed in communist countries. Leaders believe that religion has a tendency to upset stability and therefore ban it altogether, though often they just concrete the people’s religious adherence instead of destroying it. Russian Orthodox Church made part of Russian government by Czar Peter the Great Karl Marx said religion “Opium of the people” 1918 Soviet government eliminated the church state connection, confiscated church property Revival in Eastern Europe—mostly Catholic Central Asian countries—most people are Muslims

Secularism and Theocracy Secularism- movement away from religion controlled life Theocracy- opposite- government is run by a religion Afghanistan- Taliban Iran- Ayatollah Khamenei

Conflict “There has been more evil done in the name of God then ever good”- Coach Mike Blackman; Baptist Preacher Interfaith Boundaries- Divide between two or more religions China- Tibet Buddhism vs. Chinese Atheism Nigeria- Islam vs. Christianity India- Sikhism vs. Hinduism- Punjab region India and Pakistan- Hinduism and Islam- 1947 Former Yugoslavia- Serbia- Christians vs. Muslims- 1990’s Palestine- Jews vs. Muslims

The Former Yugoslavia Genocide Ethnic Cleansing

Boundary Changes in Palestine/Israel Fig. 6-16: The UN partition plan for Palestine in 1947 contrasted with the boundaries that were established after the 1948-49 War. Major changes later resulted from the 1967 War.

Israel and Palestine

Landscapes of Settlements Israelis have had a policy of building settlements for Jews in the Occupied Territories

Landscape of the Gaza Strip, 2005 In 2005, the Israeli government pulled out of the Gaza Strip, burning down Jewish settlements and handing control over to Palestinians.

The West Bank with a the proposed security wall, parts of which the Israeli government has already built.

Intrafaith Conflicts Iraq- Sunni and Shiite- Gov’t control USA- Fundamentalist and Moderate liberal- Homosexuality, Evolution, Abortion Northern Ireland- IRA- Protestants and Catholics- Irish Independence

The controversy in Ireland occurred when predominantly Catholic South Ireland wished to secede from predominantly Protestant Great Britain. However, the northernmost six counties of Ireland are overwhelmingly Protestant and wished to remain part of the U.K. When the split occurred a small number of Roman Catholics in both N. Ireland and the Republic of Ireland joined the Irish Republican Army (IRA), a militant organization devoted to achieving Irish unity by whatever means necessary. A Protestant organization has formed in return. Violence continues as extremists from both sides disrupt the lives of peaceful civilians. “Bloody Sunday” – U2 “Zombie” – The Cranberrie

Distribution of Protestants in Ireland, 1991 When Ireland became independent in 1937, 26 northern districts with large Protestant populations chose to remain part of the United Kingdom.

Northern Ireland Identities are tied to Religion, but are deepened by: Economics colonial experiences activity spaces (segregation)

Distribution of Catholics in Belfast

Social Impact of Religion Gender roles Women’s rights Diet Vegetarians Pork, beef Alcohol Ethics and morals Schools and institutions World Distribution of Hogs

What the Bible says about Women's Rights Genesis 3:16 Unto the woman he said, I will greatly multiply thy sorrow and thy conception; in sorrow thou shalt bring forth children; and thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee. 1 Corinthians 14:34-36 Let your women keep silence in the churches: for it is not permitted unto them to speak; but they are commanded to be under obedience as also saith the law. And if they will learn any thing, let them ask their husbands at home: for it is a shame for women to speak in the church. Ephesians 5:22-24 Wives, submit yourselves unto your own husbands, as unto the Lord. For the husband is the head of the wife, even as Christ is the head of the church: and he is the saviour of the body. Therefore as the church is subject unto Christ, so let the wives be to their own husbands in every thing. Colossians 3:18 Wives, submit yourselves unto your own husbands, as it is fit in the Lord. 1 Timothy 2:11-15 Let the woman learn in silence with all subjection. But I suffer not a woman to teach, nor to usurp authority over the man, but to be in silence. For Adam was first formed, then Eve. And Adam was not deceived, but the woman being deceived was in the transgression. Notwithstanding she shall be saved in childbearing. Titus 2:4-5 Teach the young women to be ... obedient to their own husbands, that the word of God be not blasphemed. 1 Peter 3:1 Likewise, ye wives, be in subjection to your own husbands. The Quran 2:228 "(Women) have rights similar to those (of men) over them in kindness, and men are a degree above them." 2:282 "And call two witness from among your men, two witnesses. And if two men be not at hand, then a man and two women." 4:3 "Marry of the women, who seem good to you, two or three or four." 4:11 "To the male the equivalent of the portion of two females, and if there be women more than two, then theirs is two-thirds of the inheritance, and if there be one (only) then the half." 4:34 "Men are in charge of women, because Allah hath made the one of them to excel the other, and because they spend of their property (for the support of women). So good women are the obedient, guarding in secret that which Allah hath guarded. As for those from whom ye fear rebellion, admonish them and banish them to beds apart, and scourge them." 4:176 "Unto the male is the equivalent of the share of two females." 24:31 "And tell the believing women to lower their gaze and be modest, and to display of their adornment only that which is apparent, and to draw their veils over their bosoms, and not to reveal their adornment save to their own husbands. ... And let them not stamp their feet so as to reveal what they hide of their adornment." 33:30 "O ye wives of the Prophet! Whosoever of you committeth manifest lewdness, the punishment for her will be doubled, and that is easy for Allah." 33:32-33 "O ye wives of the Prophet! Ye are not like any other women. ... Stay in your houses." 33:53 "When ye ask of them (the wives of the Prophet) anything, ask it of them from behind a curtain. That is purer for your hearts and for their hearts. And it is not for you to cause annoyance to the messenger of Allah, nor that ye should ever marry his wives after him. Lo! that in Allah's sight would be an enormity." 33:59 "O Prophet! Tell thy wives and thy daughters and the women of the believers to draw their cloaks close round them (when they go abroad)." 66:5 "If he [Muhammad] divorce you, will give him in your stead wives better than you, submissive (to Allah), believing, pious, penitent, devout, inclined to fasting, widows and maids

Religion Profiles Continue to work on your Religion Profile Posters This assignment is due next class, totally complete

Do Due Do Now #32 Due Today Can secular and atheistic society exist alongside traditional and fundamentalist religious sects and states? Field Study: Ethnic Grocery Store Submitted on Google Drive Religion Profile Poster Summative group project FRQ In class

Homework Due December 12/15 Unit 3 Graphic Vocabulary Chapters 4, 5, 6, and 7 Chapter 4, 5, 6, and 7 Reading Guide Summative

FRQ: 25 minutes Religions and Regions

Religion Profiles Gallery Walk Any notes you are unable to get today you must get during SAP before Winter Break