your name Great Britain in the 16 th Century Background and Chapter 1

your name Religion Up to 16 th century, almost all Europeans were CatholicUp to 16 th century, almost all Europeans were Catholic 1517: Martin Luther nails his 95 Theses (complaints) to the door of his church1517: Martin Luther nails his 95 Theses (complaints) to the door of his church –Criticized Catholic Church (simony, “unholy” clergy, indulgences, language of the Bible) –Begins the Protestant Reformation Protestant = protestor against Catholic ChurchProtestant = protestor against Catholic Church Reformation = period of change (reform=change)Reformation = period of change (reform=change)

your name Martin Luther

your name Protestant Reformation Spreads from Germany throughout EuropeSpreads from Germany throughout Europe –Luther’s followers called Lutherans –Other Protestant groups include Zwinglians, Anabaptists, Calvinists, and Anglicans Calvinism: From Switzerland to ScotlandCalvinism: From Switzerland to Scotland Anglicanism: Developed in EnglandAnglicanism: Developed in England

your name Catholic Reaction Catholic Church launches Counter- ReformationCatholic Church launches Counter- Reformation –Changes made within the Catholic Church –Jesuit Order formed to protect and spread Catholicism (education and missionaries) –Crack-down on Church corruption, make it more “holy” Better clergy, no more indulgences, etc.Better clergy, no more indulgences, etc.

your name Protestants vs. Catholics Some European leaders Catholic, some ProtestantSome European leaders Catholic, some Protestant Many wars fought between, and within, countries over religionMany wars fought between, and within, countries over religion –Peasants’ War, Schmalkaldic Wars, Thirty Years’ War, French Wars of Religion, Dutch Revolt, Battle of Kappel, etc. Members of both religions persecuted, tortured, forcibly converted, or killedMembers of both religions persecuted, tortured, forcibly converted, or killed

your name Spread of Protestantism

your name Differences between Catholics and Protestants : Catholic –God can only hear your prayer through a priest Protestant –You can call and talk to God directly.

your name In a very simplified way (for the purposes of this course), here are some of the key Differences between Catholics and Protestants : Catholic –The Pope is the closest living person to Jesus on earth Protestant –There is no belief in a Pope

your name In a very simplified way (for the purposes of this course), here are some of the key Differences between Catholics and Protestants: Catholic –Churches are very fancy, services are done in Latin and the priests back is to the people Protestant –Churches are plain, priests speak in regular language and dress plainly

your name In a very simplified way (for the purposes of this course), here are some of the key Differences between Catholics and Protestants : Catholic –There is ONE Catholic Church Protestant –There are HUNDREDS of Protestant Churches

your name In a very simplified way (for the purposes of this course), here are some of the key Differences between Catholics and Protestants: Catholic –Priests, nuns & monks celibate Protestant –Preachers allowed to marry

your name 1450 – 1485 – War of the Roses Britain in civil war – fought between 2 noble families Yorkists (white) and Lancastrians (red) –winner would choose the king. –Britain becomes weak and poor 1485 – Henry Tudor defeats Richard III –proclaims himself King Henry VII –left country strong and rich

your name Richard III Today

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The British Monarchy 1509: Henry VIII becomes King of England, Wales, and Lord of Ireland (Scotland was independent)1509: Henry VIII becomes King of England, Wales, and Lord of Ireland (Scotland was independent) –“Renaissance man” – educated, artistic, athletic –Feuded with Catholic Church First wife does not bear him a son, Henry wants a divorceFirst wife does not bear him a son, Henry wants a divorce –Only the Pope can grant a divorce, but refuses

your name Religion in Britain Henry and his Parliament pass a lawHenry and his Parliament pass a law –Church of England (Catholic, but becoming Protestant) could grant divorces –Henry is the head of the C of E, divorce granted, Henry remarries –Henry makes many enemies Pope and Catholic countries (Spain, France) angryPope and Catholic countries (Spain, France) angry Henry closes monasteries in EnglandHenry closes monasteries in England

your name 1509 – Henry VIII becomes king Dissolution of Monasteries King of England head of the Church, not the pope Bible in English – not Latin

your name One Big, Happy Family

your name Henry VIII’s Kids Take Over Edward VI (King )Edward VI (King ) –King at age 10, dies when 16 –Strongly Protestant, reforms Church of England –No children Mary I (Queen )Mary I (Queen ) –Strongly Catholic, persecutes Protestants –Nicknamed “Bloody Mary” –Marries King Phillip II of Spain, no children

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Henry VIII’s Kids Take Over Elizabeth I (Queen )Elizabeth I (Queen ) –Protestant, but more of a politician Wants to get Protestants and Catholics on her sideWants to get Protestants and Catholics on her side Her Anglican C of E blends Protestant beliefs with Catholic rituals/organizationHer Anglican C of E blends Protestant beliefs with Catholic rituals/organization –Never married, no children –Kept Britain strong despite many threats Spain, France, Scotland, debt, religious conflictSpain, France, Scotland, debt, religious conflict

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A Wild Ride

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