Studying Earth Chapter 1 Section 2

Standard  S.6.3a  Students know energy can be carried from one place to another by heat flow or by waves, including water, light and sound waves or by moving objects.  S.6.4.a Students know the sun is the major source of energy for phenomena on Earth’s surface.

Anticipatory Set  You will be given a white piece of computer paper.  Please draw an earth covering the entire piece of paper.  Draw the continents and color them and the oceans.

Language of the Discipline  Energy  Atmosphere  Hydrosphere  Lithosphere  Biosphere  Matter  Wave  Heat  Thermal energy  Earth Science

Structures of the Earth System (Input)  Sunlight heats up any surface that it strikes  Energy- is the ability to do work, or cause change.  Energy from the sun is transferred to earth as radiation (meaning it can move through space)

Structures of the Earth System (Input)  When you step outside the Sun’s radiation will hit you and you begin to feel warmer.  Sunlight provides energy for many processes here on Earth (water cycle)

Earth as a System (Input)  The sun is a part of Earth’s air, water, land, and living thing  System- a group of parts that work together as a whole  A change in one part of the system, affects the rest of the system (water cycle)

Sphere’s (Input)  There are 4 spheres in Earth’s system: 1. Atmosphere 2. Hydrosphere 3. Lithosphere 4. Biosphere  The sun an be considered as part of this system as well.

Atmosphere (Input)  Definition- OUTERMOST sphere, the mixture of gases that surrounds the planet.  Nitrogen  Oxygen  Water Vapor  Carbon Dioxide  Other gases

Atmosphere (Input)

Hydrosphere (Input)  Definition- Earth’s oceans, lakes, rivers and ice  Mostly salt water  It can contain fresh water too  Oceans cover more than 2/3 of Earth  (Hint: Hydro= means water)

Hydrosphere (Input)

Lithosphere (Input)  Definition- Earth’s solid, rocky outer layer  Made up of islands  It extends under the entire ocean floor  It can contain smooth plains to wrinkled hills and valleys to jagged mountain peaks  The energy from here comes from the heat of Earth’s interior (lava and rock melts)

Lithosphere (Input)

Biosphere (Input)  Definition- all living things  Air  Oceans  Beneath land surfaces  This extends into the other spheres

Biosphere (Input)

Sphere Activity  You will be given a white piece of computer paper.  Please draw an earth covering the entire piece of paper.  Draw the continents and color them and the oceans.  Then label each part of the picture as lithosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere

Energy Transfer (Input)  Matter and energy constantly move from one part of the Earth to the other  Matter- is what makes up everything in the universe  Matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms  2 or more atoms can join and act as a molecule  In order for matter to move, you need energy  Energy transfer is the movement of energy from one location to another

Energy (Input)  Energy can be transferred from place to place by moving objects, by waves, or by heat flow.  Moving Objects- ANY moving object transfer energy  A pitcher and catcher  Motions transfer energy  Waves  Definition- up and down, or back and forth motion that carries energy from place to place but leaves matter behind

Waves  Sound waves – vibrating sounds, guitar strings  They must be able to travel to your ear  Sound waves require a medium, like air, in order for you to hear it.  A medium is the material through which a wave travels  Ocean: water is the medium for the waves  Waves produced by an earthquake also need a medium.

Electromagnetic Waves  Waves that transfer electrical and magnetic energy  It can be seen in visible light  The sunlight that warms your skin is an example  They DO NOT require a medium to travel through

Heat Flow (Input)  Heat- the thermal energy transferred from one object to another as a result of the difference in temperature.  Heat flow takes place whenever 2 objects of different temperatures are brought into contact.  Thermal Energy- the total energy of all of the atoms that make up an object.  Atoms possess thermal energy because they are constant in motion (vibrations)

Heat Flow (Input)  If you have 2 objects, heat will flow from the warmer one to the colder one (ice cream)  The heat will continue to flow until they are the same temperature  Hold an ice cube in your hand, heat from your hand warms the ice cube causing it to melt (activity)

Branches of Earth Science (Input) 1. Geology- study of the solid Earth. They study the forces that shape the Earth.  Constructive forces= build up mountains and landmasses  Destructive forces= wear away the Earth’s surface 2. Meteorology- study of Earth’s atmosphere. Scientists who forecast the weather 3. Environmental Science- study Earth’s environment and resources.  They study how human activities change the land, air, water, and living things

Meteorology (Input)

Checking for Understanding  Earth’s solid, rocky outer layer is called the what?

 Lithosphere

Checking for Understanding  ______________ is what makes up everything in our universe!

 matter

Checking For Understanding  Who study Earth’s environment and resources?

 Environmental Scientists

GP and IP  Guided Practice  #1-3  Stop!!! You must have a stamp to keep going!  Independent Practice  #4-6  Homework  #7-end