 A. All classifications above species is “invented” by researchers who decide how to distinguish between 1 genus and another.

 A. Will physical traits tell you all you need to know?  This can be tricky

 B. Darwin’s thinking allowed scientists to look at phylogeny, or the study of evolutionary relationships to group organisms

 A. The more closely classified the more recent the organisms shared a common ancestor  B. Cladograms are diagrams that show derived characteristics between organisms that share a evolutionary past. Think Family Tree!!

 A. Animals throughout time have become more & more diverse living in different ways; a single species evolving into many different species- adaptive radiation  B. Adaptive radiation can be tricking since some animals that are unrelated can begin to look very similar(convergent evolution) Dolphin Fluke Fish Fins

 C. Some organisms have evolved with another organism which is called coevolution.  D. If these organisms have evolved slowly over time it is known as gradual evolution however if an organisms has time periods with no evolution & then bursts of quick evolution it is called punctuated evolution(affected by speciation)

 A. With more recent technology genes & DNA are used to help determine classification and are shown through molecular clocks (marks mutations)

 A. The classification has changed since Linnaeus’s time with new evolutionary findings  B. At 1 st living organisms were classified as either plant or animal, today there are more precise classifications producing 6 main Kingdoms  1. Eubacteria  2.Archaebacteria  3. Protista  4. Fungi  5. Plantae  6. Animalia

 A. Domain is larger than a Kingdom & separates the kingdoms into major groups  1. Eukarya - protists, fungi, plants & animals  2. Bacteria – eubacteria  3. Archaea - archaebacteria

 1. Eukarya – consists of all organism that have a nucleus, can either be unicellular or multicellular

 2. Bacteria – are all unicellular and prokaryotic. Have very thick cell walls and are very diverse.

 3. Archaea – all are unicellular & prokaryotic and most are found in extreme environments (most can not live in the presence of oxygen)