1. Classification
Chapter 18

2. Why Classify ? To study diversity of life in organized manner.
________________-science where organisms are classified in a universal manner
Taxonomy

4. A. Scientific Names
Early efforts described physical characteristics in detail
1)Binomial Nomenclature-developed by Carolus Linnaeus
2 part scientific name
1st word is genus and 2nd ________________-
Italicize or underline both words
1st letter of 1st word is capitalized
Names often Latin
species

6. B. Linnaeus’s System taxon ________________________-has levels
_______________________--name for each level
Kingdom-_____________________________________
taxon
Heirarchical system
Largest and most inclusive of categories

7. B.cont’d
class
____________________-many different organisms that share important characteristics
_______________-composed of similar orders
_______________-broad group of similar families
_______________-genera sharing characteristics-like the Uridae family for bears
Genus-closely related species
Species-successfully interbreeding
family
Phylum
order

8. Family Tree of Major Taxa
Kingdom
Phyla
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

10. II. Modern Evolutionary Classification
__________________-evolutionary relationships between organisms
Genus should share common ancestor
Derived characteristics can be used to form a ________________-showing evolutionary relationships
______________-characteristics that appear in recent lineage more but not in older members
similarities in DNA and RNA can give more conclusive classification
cladogram
Phylogeny
Derived characters

11. Phylogeny

12. Tips of branches stand for
Tips of branches stand for most recent evolutionary representatives and branches stand for common ancestors-new branch means a new species

13. Cladogram

14. III. Kingdoms and Domains
A.The Three-Domain System
Grouped by molecular analysis
More inclusive category

15. EUKARYA
1) _________-protists,fungi,plants and animals
Protists-great variety
Most single-celled,but there are multicellular algae
Fungi-decomposing heterotrophs
Plantae-multicellular,photosynthetic autotrophs
Animalia-muticellular and heterotrophic
2) BACTERIA-eubacteria-unicellular and prokaryotic;thick cell walls;free-living or parasitic;diverse
3)_____________unicellular and prokaryotic;live in extreme conditions like hot springs or volcanic vents;can live w/o oxygen;not as thick cell walls
ARCHAEBACTERIA-

16. Kingdoms-
Eubacteria and archaebacteria Protista,Fungi,Plantae,Animalia

17. Classification method
A dichotomous key is a tool that allows the user to determine the identity of items in the natural world, such as trees, wildflowers, mammals, reptiles, rocks, and fish. Keys consist of a series of choices that lead the user to the correct name of a given item. "Dichotomous" means "divided into two parts". Therefore, dichotomous keys always give two choices in each step.

18. Dichotomous key