Progressives  People who worked to reform the ills of society  Wished to alleviate the effects of industrialization, immigration, and urbanization 1

Introduction to Progressivism

Muckrakers  Journalists and writers whose work influenced public opinion  Dug up “muck” about the wrongdoings of big business and politicians  Revealed the terrible conditions in slums and sweatshops 2

Upton Sinclair  Wrote The Jungle, a novel which exposed the unsanitary and dangerous conditions of the slaughterhouses and meat- packing industry 3

Welcome to the Jungle

Municipal Reforms  Home rule instead of state control  Stopping the power of political machines and their “bosses”  City council-manager system  Cities take over utilities, such as water service  Provide welfare services 4

State Reforms  Direct primary  Initiative  Referendum  Recall 5

Direct Primary  Citizens vote to nominate the candidates to run for public office  Took that power away from party leaders 6

Initiative  Initiate – to start  Allows the voters to put a law they want on the ballot  If enough people sign a petition, the proposed law will be voted on during the next election  Gives people a direct say in what laws are passed 7

Referendum  Allows citizens to approve or reject a proposed state law 8

Recall  Allows citizens to vote to remove a corrupt public official before he finishes his term of office 9

Federal Reforms  Teddy Roosevelt’s “Square Deal”  Anti-trust Activism  Public Health Measures  Environmental Protection 10

Theodore Roosevelt 26 th President Republican New York 11 continued

Theodore Roosevelt  Organized the Rough Riders in Spanish American War  Built a powerful U.S. Navy  “Big Stick” diplomacy  Panama Canal  Created national parks  Pure Food and Drug Act 11

T.R. As a Dakota rancher with his Winchester rifle and Bowie knife

Colonel Roosevelt Spanish American War Rough Rider

t.r. the Conservationist

Conservationists  Conserve – to save  People who work to protect natural resources 12

El Capitan, Yosemite

General Sherman, the world's largest living thing. It is named after Civil War General, William Tecumseh Sherman It stands 275 feet tall, and measures 102 feet at its base.

U.S. Forest Service  1905  Managed the nation’s water and timber resources 13

Pure Food and Drug Act  1906  Required the honest labeling of ingredients in food  Outlawed the exaggeration of drug capabilities 14

Meat Inspection Act  1906  Required federal inspection of meat processing to ensure clean conditions 15

T.R. and Family

Roosevelt Monument

William Howard Taft  27 th President  1909 – 1913  Republican  Ohio 16 continued

William Howard Taft  Handpicked by TR as his “heir to the throne” in continued

William Howard Taft  Promised to continue progressive policies of TR  Also supported big business interests that wanted to develop public lands  Disappointed T.R. 16

Roosevelt and Taft “BFF” Until 1912 Election

Bull Moose Party  Started by former President Roosevelt and Progressives who wanted more reforms  “I feel fit as a bull moose.” 17

Election of 1912  TR ran for President against his friend Taft in a bitter campaign  Split the Republican Party  1912 election went to Democrat Woodrow Wilson 18

Woodrow Wilson  28 th President  1913 – 1921  Democrat  New Jersey continued 19

Woodrow Wilson  Continued progressive reforms  Federal Trade Commission  Federal Reserve System  Reestablished racial segregation in federal offices  Occupied with world affairs in Europe - WWI 19

Overview of Progressivism

Federal Reserve System  1913  A network of federal banks that hold money deposits from national banks  More efficient way to increase the money supply when necessary 20

Clayton Antitrust Act  1914  Stronger than the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890)  Stated that labor unions were not monopolies  Legalized unions and prevented courts from issuing injunctions against them 21

Injunction  A court order stopping an activity, such as a labor strike 22

National American Woman Suffrage Association  NAWSA  People who worked to gain women’s voting rights Elizabeth Cady Stanton Susan B. Anthony 23

Suffragettes march

Susan b. Anthony

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Women’s Suffrage Movement

Civil Disobedience  The non-violent refusal to obey a law in order to change it 24

16 th AMENDMENT  Gave Congress the power to levy an income tax  Source of revenue for the federal government instead of tariffs 25

17th Amendment  Senators will be elected by popular vote 26

18 th Amendment  “Prohibition”  Prohibited the manufacture, transport, and sale of alcoholic beverages  Loophole in law – does not outlaw consumption 27

19 th Amendment  Women’s suffrage  Gave women the right to vote 28