The Progressive Era Ch. 21.1.

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Presentation transcript:

The Progressive Era Ch. 21.1

Progressives Progressives- Reformers What were they trying to reform? Cities Government Business

Political Machine Powerful organizations linked to political parties Political Boss: a machine representative who controlled jobs and services in a particular city

Made money by: William M. Tweed Accepting bribes from tenement landlords Campaign contributions from contractors Illegal payments from companies doing business with the city William M. Tweed Controlled New York City’s police, courts, and newspapers

William M. Tweed

Fighting the Spoils System Spoils System: Political supporters were rewarded with jobs and favors The Pendleton Act (1883) Established the Civil Service Commission Federal workers had to demonstrate their skills and competency before being given jobs

Controlling Business Railroads had formed an oligopoly Oligopoly: A few large companies controlled prices for the entire industry Interstate Commerce Act (1887) Requires railroads to charge and publish “reasonable and just” rates

Muckrakers Reporters who “raked” (exposed) the “muck” (dirt) These reporters would write stories that alerted people about problems Political bosses (Lincoln Steffens) Meatpacking industry (Upton Sinclair)

The 17th Amendment 1913 Senators are now directly elected by the people of their state rather than by state legislatures

Women and Progressives Ch 21.2

Women’s Role People move from farms to cities Families become smaller Less children are needed to help the family survive Why? Families become smaller Children spent more time at school Technology made housework easier Women begin to pursue higher education 1910: 40% of college students are women

Professional Women Most professional women worked as: Teachers Nurses Medicine

Women’s Suffrage Suffrage: Right to vote Not everyone wanted women to vote Upset society’s natural balance Lead to divorce Neglect of children

Alice Paul

19th Amendment 1920 Women are granted the right to vote Some states had already allowed women to vote prior to this: Wyoming (1890) Colorado (1893) Utah, Idaho (1896) Washington (1910) California (1911) Arizona, Kansas, Oregon (1912) Montana, Nevada (1914) New York (1917) Michigan, Oklahoma, South Dakota (1918)

The Temperance Crusade Urged individuals to stop drinking Began in 1874 Prohibition: Ban the making or selling of alcohol

The 18th Amendment 1919 The Prohibition Law 1933 Illegal to make, transport, or sell alcohol in the U.S. 1933 21st Amendment: Repealed the 18th Amendment and ended the ban on alcohol

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