2007 Why do people migrate? Chapter 3, Key Issue 1

2007Overview Migration: permanent move to a new locationMigration: permanent move to a new location Net migration= immigration - emigrationNet migration= immigration - emigration Scale has increased in last 100 yearsScale has increased in last 100 years Globalization and Local diversity both involvedGlobalization and Local diversity both involved Multiple reasons for migrationMultiple reasons for migration

2007 Net Migration Rates

2007 Ravenstein’s Rules 11 migration laws by E.G. Ravenstein11 migration laws by E.G. Ravenstein Divided into three areas:Divided into three areas: –Reasons for Migration –Distance of Migration –Characteristics of Migration

2007 Reasons for Migration Push and Pull factorsPush and Pull factors Factors might be Economic, Cultural, or EnvironmentalFactors might be Economic, Cultural, or Environmental Often push pull factors work in tandemOften push pull factors work in tandem Intervening obstacles may block migrationIntervening obstacles may block migration Economic push/pull the major factor in migrationEconomic push/pull the major factor in migration

2007 Economic Push-Pull Factors People migrate for jobs, opportunity, or the occasional “freebie” such as land or undeveloped raw materialsPeople migrate for jobs, opportunity, or the occasional “freebie” such as land or undeveloped raw materials Migration to US and Canada, to Europe from North Africa, cities from rural areas worldwideMigration to US and Canada, to Europe from North Africa, cities from rural areas worldwide Internal and external migration patternsInternal and external migration patterns Some nations make laws to attract economic migrantsSome nations make laws to attract economic migrants

2007 Homestead Act (USA)

2007 Cultural Push Pull Factors Can be a push factor as people are forced out of a nation or a pull factor as people are attracted to anotherCan be a push factor as people are forced out of a nation or a pull factor as people are attracted to another Refugees are an example of cultural push factorsRefugees are an example of cultural push factors Settlers create cultural islands wherever they settleSettlers create cultural islands wherever they settle Chinatown in SF, Ukrainians in Canadian prairie, Little Italy in NYCChinatown in SF, Ukrainians in Canadian prairie, Little Italy in NYC

2007

2007 Environmental Factors People will leave areas that are too cold, hot, wet, dry, etc. and migratePeople will leave areas that are too cold, hot, wet, dry, etc. and migrate This can be internal or externalThis can be internal or external Movement can be by desire or by environmental calamityMovement can be by desire or by environmental calamity Floods, hurricanes, etc. can lead to a permanent migrationFloods, hurricanes, etc. can lead to a permanent migration People can also move due to retirement, etc.People can also move due to retirement, etc.

2007 Dust bowl evacuation

2007 Intervening Obstacles Bodies of water, cost, legal issues are all intervening obstacles that block migrationBodies of water, cost, legal issues are all intervening obstacles that block migration Many are environmentalMany are environmental Recent obstacles include visas and permission to enter a countryRecent obstacles include visas and permission to enter a country

2007 Ellis Island

2007 Distance of Migration Internal MigrationInternal Migration –Interregional Migration –Intraregional Migration International MigrationInternational Migration –Voluntary Migration –Forced Migration

2007 Internal Migration

2007 International Migration

2007 Forced Migration

2007 Characteristic of Migrants Most tend to be male adults migrating without childrenMost tend to be male adults migrating without children Some characteristics are changing due to large movements of populationSome characteristics are changing due to large movements of population Migrants tend to lack formal educationMigrants tend to lack formal education year old males25-39 year old males

2007 US Mexico Border