TWO BIG PROBLEMS 1.Native Americans are unhappy. 2.Need more money FAST. HOW DOES ENGLAND RESPOND?

Results of the French Indian War British and Colonials win British and Colonials win France loses North American Empire France loses North American Empire French Threat to colonials removed French Threat to colonials removed British military reputation suffers in colonial eyes British military reputation suffers in colonial eyes British experience colonial disloyalty British experience colonial disloyalty British have enormous area to govern Colonials gain confidence in their ability British debt doubles Cost of 10,000 British troops HUGE! British citizens in England heavily taxed

What are some reasons that people might turn against their government? Cite examples.

What group might have released this statement in 1640? The might of a country consists of gaining surpluses of gold and silver. The nation’s strength is found in economic independence and the maintenance of a favorable balance of trade. We need to gain colonies both as sources of raw materials and as markets for our manufactured goods.

Navigation Acts During the early years of settlement, England largely ignored its colonies During the early years of settlement, England largely ignored its colonies But, under British King Charles II, the Navigation Acts were implemented But, under British King Charles II, the Navigation Acts were implemented Draw a table - Draw a table -

Navigation Acts AdvantagesDisadvantages ENGLAND AMERICAN COLONIES

Navigation Acts 1651 No country could trade with colonies unless goods shipped in colonial or England ships No country could trade with colonies unless goods shipped in colonial or England ships Crews on ships must be ¾ English Crews on ships must be ¾ English Foreign ships are forbidden in colonial harbors Foreign ships are forbidden in colonial harbors Certain colonial products can ONLY be shipped to England (raw materials that England lacked) Certain colonial products can ONLY be shipped to England (raw materials that England lacked) Goods traded between colonies and Europe must first pass through English port Goods traded between colonies and Europe must first pass through English port Wool Act. Prohibits export of colonial woolen cloth – raw wool only Wool Act. Prohibits export of colonial woolen cloth – raw wool only Describe the response of the colonists to these Acts. What actions might they take? PURPOSE: Control colonial markets

Illegal trade begins England initially ignores England initially ignores Salutary neglect – England relaxes enforcement of laws in an effort to maintain the loyalty of the colonies Salutary neglect – England relaxes enforcement of laws in an effort to maintain the loyalty of the colonies What were some pros of salutary neglect? What were some pros of salutary neglect? What were some cons? What were some cons? Colonists enjoy independence Colonists enjoy independence Crack down begins on biggest violators – Massachusett merchants Crack down begins on biggest violators – Massachusett merchants

Mercantilism The “parent country” should regulate trade and production to become self-sufficient The “parent country” should regulate trade and production to become self-sufficient Colonies provide raw materials to parent country for growth and profit of that country’s industries Colonies provide raw materials to parent country for growth and profit of that country’s industries Parent country sells processed goods back to colonies Parent country sells processed goods back to colonies Write down your own definition of mercantilism. Write down your own definition of mercantilism.

Mercantilism What were the pros of this policy? What were the pros of this policy? What were the cons? What were the cons? EXIT TICKET Why would the perspective of English people be different than that of American colonists in regards to mercantilist policies? Give an example.

DO NOT SHOW Colonial Response to Mercantilism? Mercantilism worked well for colonies that produced crops, such as the southern and middle colonies. Why? Mercantilism worked well for colonies that produced crops, such as the southern and middle colonies. Why? They did not work as well for the New England colonies where they did not grow many crops for export. Why not? They did not work as well for the New England colonies where they did not grow many crops for export. Why not? The trade laws were rarely enforced and many New Englanders ignored them by trading with the non-British The trade laws were rarely enforced and many New Englanders ignored them by trading with the non-British

To what extent do you think that the colonies governed themselves? Depiction of the first meeting of the House of Burgesses, 1619

Colonial Self-Government In 1619, Virginia became the first colony to elect their own legislative (law-making) assembly called the House of Burgesses In 1619, Virginia became the first colony to elect their own legislative (law-making) assembly called the House of Burgesses In New England, colonists practiced self-government by gathering in village meetinghouses each month to make local decisions In New England, colonists practiced self-government by gathering in village meetinghouses each month to make local decisions By 1750, each of the 13 colonies had its own elected assembly, which shared power with a governor By 1750, each of the 13 colonies had its own elected assembly, which shared power with a governor By 1750, colonists were accustomed to running their own affairs and many, especially New Englanders, ignored British laws. By 1750, colonists were accustomed to running their own affairs and many, especially New Englanders, ignored British laws.

North American Land Claims, 1750s

The French and Indian War By the end of the 17 th century France, Britain, and Spain struggled over who would control North America By the end of the 17 th century France, Britain, and Spain struggled over who would control North America Center of the struggle between Britain and France was over the Ohio River Valley Center of the struggle between Britain and France was over the Ohio River Valley Fighting erupted between the French and British in the Ohio River Valley in 1754 Fighting erupted between the French and British in the Ohio River Valley in 1754 Why do you think they were fighting over the Ohio River Valley? Why do you think they were fighting over the Ohio River Valley? George Washington leading troops during the French and Indian War

The French and Indian War What is the outcome of the war? What is the outcome of the war? The British won and the war came to an end in 1763 The British won and the war came to an end in 1763 The Death of General Wolfe by Benjamin West, This image depicts the death of the British general.

North American Land Claims 1763 and Later

Results of French Indian War Which of these results have a negative impact on the England/Colony relationship? British and colonists win! France loses North American Empire British and colonists win! France loses North American Empire French threat to colonials removed French threat to colonials removed Britain controls most land east of the Mississippi River Britain controls most land east of the Mississippi River British military reputation suffers in colonial eyes British military reputation suffers in colonial eyes Colonials gain confidence in their military ability Colonials gain confidence in their military ability British experience colonial disloyalty British have enormous area to govern Cost of 10,000 troops very expensive British debt doubles British citizens in England heavily taxed

Now What? The British have won the war. Now they need to pay for the war AND protect their holdings in the colonies. The British have won the war. Now they need to pay for the war AND protect their holdings in the colonies. How should Britain go about meeting both goals? How should Britain go about meeting both goals?

Proclamation of 1763 “We have thought fit...to issue this Our Royal Proclamation.... And whereas it is just and reasonable, and essential to Our Interest and the Security of Our Colonies, that the several Nations or Tribes of Indians, with whom We are connected, and who live under Our Protection, should not be molested or disturbed.. “We have thought fit...to issue this Our Royal Proclamation.... And whereas it is just and reasonable, and essential to Our Interest and the Security of Our Colonies, that the several Nations or Tribes of Indians, with whom We are connected, and who live under Our Protection, should not be molested or disturbed.. How might colonists respond to this? How might colonists respond to this?

The Proclamation of 1763 Look at this map (map of Proclamation of 1763). Look at this map (map of Proclamation of 1763). Pretend you are a colonist at this time, living in Pennsylvania. Pretend you are a colonist at this time, living in Pennsylvania. How would you respond? How would you respond? After 1763, the era of salutary neglect came to an end After 1763, the era of salutary neglect came to an end