Ch 46 – Circulatory and Respiratory Systems Vocabulary Review Ch 46 – Circulatory and Respiratory Systems

Cardiovascular system A collection of organs that transport blood throughout the body; the organs in this system include the heart, the arteries, and the veins Cardiovascular system

A collection of organs whose primary function is to collect extracellular fluid and return it to the blood; the organs in this system include the lymph nodes and the lymphatic vessels Lymphatic system

A chamber that receives blood that is retuning to the heart Atrium

One of the two large muscular chambers that pump blood out of the heart Ventricle

A fold of membranes that controls the flow of a fluid Valve

The main artery in the body; it carries blood from the left ventricle to systemic circulation Aorta

A mass of cardiac muscle cells that lies at the junction of the superior vena cava with the right atrium and that initiates and regulates contraction of the heart Sinoatrial node

Atrioventricular node A mass of specialized cardiac muscle that is located between the right atrium and right ventricle and that generates electrical impulses that cause the ventricles of the heart to contract Atrioventricular node

The rhythmic pressure of the blood against the walls of a vessel, particularly an artery Pulse

A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to the body’s organs Artery

The force that blood exerts on the walls of the arteries Blood pressure

A condition of high blood pressure Hypertension

A tiny blood vessel that allows an exchange between blood and cells in tissue Capillary

In animals, a vessel that carries blood to the heart Vein

Pulmonary circulation The flow of blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs and back to the left atrium of the heart through the network of pulmonary arteries, capillaries, and veins Pulmonary circulation

The movement of blood from the heart to all parts of the body and back to the heart Systemic circulation

A disease characterized by the buildup of fatty materials on the interior walls of the arteries Atherosclerosis

The fluid that is collected by the lymphatic vessels and nodes

In biology, the liquid component of blood Plasma

Red blood cell (erythrocyte) A disc-shaped cell that has no nucleus, that contains hemoglobin, and that transports oxygen in the circulatory system Red blood cell (erythrocyte)

The oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells Hemoglobin

White blood cell (leukocyte) A type of cell in the blood that destroys bacteria, viruses, and toxic proteins and helps the body develop immunities White blood cell (leukocyte)

A cell that ingests and destroys (digests) foreign matter or microorganisms Phagocyte

A protein that reacts to a specific antigen or that inactivates or destroys toxins Antibody

A fragment of a cell that is needed to form blood clots Platelet

A protein that forms a network of fibers during blood clotting Fibrin

A classification of blood that depends on the type of antigen present on the surface of the red blood cell Blood type

A substance that stimulates an immune response Antigen

One of several blood-group antigens carried on the surface of red blood cells Rh factor

A collection of organs whose primary function is to take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide; the organs of this system include the lungs, the throat, and the passageways that lead to the lungs Respiratory system

The exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the lungs External respiration

The exchange of gases between the blood and the cells of the body Internal respiration

The central organ of the respiratory system in which oxygen from the air is exchanged with carbon dioxide from the blood Lung

In animals with a digestive tract, the passage from the mouth to the larynx and esophagus Pharynx

A structure that hangs at the entrance of the larynx and prevents food from entering the larynx and the trachea while swallowing Epiglottis

In vertebrates, the tube that connects the larynx to the lungs Trachea

The area of the throat that contains the vocal cords and produces vocal sounds Larynx

One of the two tubes that connect the lungs with the trachea Bronchus

A small air passage that branches from the bronchi within the lungs Bronchiole

Any of the tiny air cells of the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged Alveolus

The process of taking air from the outside of the body into the lungs Inspiration

A dome-shaped muscle that is attached to the lower ribs and that functions as the main muscle in respiration Diaphragm

The process in which air is forced out of the lungs Expiration