Passing of the Torch Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams

Jackson and Adams star in: Jackson and Adams star in: Bad Blood Rising

Election of 1824  Andrew Jackson wins majority of popular votes; not electoral  Henry Clay helps Adams win in congress  Why? (p. 225)  CORRUPT BARGAIN –Clay becomes secretary of state

Jackson Quotes  It is a damn poor mind indeed which can't think of at least two ways to spell any word.  The planter, the farmer, the mechanic, and the laborer... form the great body of the people of the United States, they are the bone and sinew of the country men who love liberty and desire nothing but equal rights and equal laws.

Presidents and Secretaries of State  George Washington  Thomas Jefferson  James Madison  James Monroe  John Quincy Adams  Thomas Jefferson  James Madison  James Monroe  John Q. Adams  ??????

The tradition is broken with Henry Clay. Since the “corrupt bargain”, only one other man has served as Secretary of State prior to winning the Presidency. (James Buchanan)

Jackson Takes his Ball and Leaves  “Jacksonians” leave Republican party  Form Democratic-Republicans –Basis of today’s Democratic party

Jackson Has His Day Show Video

Election of 1828  Jackson wins  How –Campaign tactics—Common Man v Elitist –Jackson’s military popularity –Easing of voting requirements  Adams eased property requirements  More common people could vote

Spoils System  “to the victor belongs the spoils of the enemy”  Throw out old administration’s employees and replace them with your own  Who—those who helped you win and your friends  Kitchen cabinet

Jackson’s Indian Policy Jackson’s Indian Policy  Displacement or Conversion?  “Five Civilized Tribes”—4 C’s and an S  Indian Removal Act of 1830 –Jackson orders federal troops to remove Indians to the west –Thought it was helping them  By themselves  Removed from whites

Worcester v. Georgia (1832)  (background)  Cherokee attempt to beat the Americans at their own game  Marshall recognizes Cherokee as “political community”  Marshall says government can’t regulate or take land  Jackson ignores ruling: “John Marshall has made his decision; now let him enforce it”

Trail of Tears  Jackson “splits” the Cherokee has minority group sign Treaty of Echota  Van Buren complete forced removal by November 1838  800 mile trip, Cherokee were exploited and robbed the whole way  nunna-da-ul-tsun-yi – “the trail where they cried”

States Rights and National Bank

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions taken to the Next Step I TOLD YOU TO REMEMBER IT

Make the Connection to 1828  Tariff of 1816—Britain trying to punish by flooding market with cheap goods  Raised in 1824 and 1828  Leads to John C. Calhoun writing his Nullification Theory

John C. Calhoun (background)  South Carolina  Vice-President under Adams and Jackson  Was a Nationalist but exploitation of South changed his feelings  Called Tariff of 1828 (Tariff of Abominations)  Wrote Nullification Theory in 1828

Jackson’s Quotes  Disunion by force is treason.  Nullification means insurrection and war; and the other states have a right to put it down.

Nullification Theory  Based on same reasoning as Va. and Ky. Resolutions  Reasoning: Constitution ratified by sovereign states  Power comes from states  Therefore states could nullify federal law  If gov. would not allow it, states had right to leave the Union

“Tell them that they can talk and write resolutions and print threats to their hearts’ content. But if one drop of blood be shed there in defiance of the laws of the United States, I will hang the first man of them I can get my hands on to the first tree I can find.”—Andrew Jackson in response to the Nullification Theory.

Hayne and Webster Debate  Robert Hayne—SC  Daniel Webster—Massachusetts  All were over tariffs and states rights  Calhoun resigns in 1832 b/c of Jackson’s views

South Carolina Rebels  Congress passes new tariff in 1832  South Carolina declares Tariff of 1828 and 1832 “null, void and no law”  1833 Jackson gets Force Law passed (use army and navy to make SC pay tax)  Henry Clay (Great Compromiser) persuades Congress to pass and SC accept tariff lowered over 10 years

Jackson Takes on the National Bank

Second BUS Controversy  Clay and Webster use re-charter as campaign issue  Jackson is against re- chartering bank  Backfires  Jackson’s Problem with Bank –Privileged institution –Tax revenues helping rich stockholders, not taxpayers –Nicholas Biddle—bank president  Lending money to congressmen at lower rate

Pet Banks  Banks that are loyal to Democratic party  After re-election in 1832 Jackson had all public funds put in “pet banks”  Biddle “calls in” loans and would not make new loans  Public persuades Biddle to lower restrictions  1841 bank finally closed

Whig Party Forms  Created by discontented Democrats  Clay, Webster, John Q. Adams  Party platform centered around American System

Election of 1836  Martin Van Buren  Beat three Whig candidates

Panic of 1837  Pet Banks issuing more currency than gold or silver they had  Jackson issues “specie” order (only gold or silver could be used to buy land)  Goes into effect August 15, 1836  People rush into banks to exchange money  1840 Van Buren established treasury that only used gold and silver

Election of 1840  William Henry Harrison and John Tyler defeats Van Buren  Harrison dies April 4, 1841  Dying words— “Sir, I wish you to understand the true principles of the government. I wish them carried out.”—William Henry Harrison  Tyler not ideal Whig candidate