World History Chapter 4 3100 B.C. – 671 B.C. Egypt World History Chapter 4 3100 B.C. – 671 B.C.

The Dating Game What does B.C. mean? It stands for Before Christ, and it means the number of years before the birth of Jesus Christ. That was 2000 years ago, so the date 552 B.C. means 2552 years ago. Some people use B.C.E. instead. That stands for Before the Common Era, and is used in order to avoid Christian references. History for Kids feels that since this is a Christian dating system, it's a little silly to try to hide that.

The Dating Game What does A.D. mean? A.D. stands for Anno Domini, which is Latin for "year of our Lord," and it means the number of years since the birth of Jesus Christ. That was 2000 years ago, so the date 500 A.D. means 1500 years ago. Some people use C.E. instead. That stands for Common Era, and is used in order to avoid Christian references. History for Kids feels that since this is a Christian dating system, it's a little silly to try to hide that.

Introduction Where is Egypt?

What do you know about Egypt? What do you know about ancient Egyptian people?

What can we infer about ancient Egyptians from these pictures?

The Nile Area where Egyptians settled Civilization lasted about 2000 years lasting impression Flows north 4,145 miles central Africa to Mediterranean last 600 miles in Egypt

FLOODING OF THE NILE Advantages of the Nile What did the people do? flooded how is this an advantage? leftovers make good soil What did the people do? farmers flax, wheat, barley, grapes inventive shadoof

Section 2 The Old Kingdom The Beginning Upper Egypt-Led by King Narmer Lower Egypt- invaded by King Narmer (3100 bc) King married lower Egyptian princess two kingdoms unite called “wearer of both crowns” lasted about 500 years

How They Lived The City The Estates center of religion and government Kings, government officials, Priests, Artisans The Estates Rich Egyptians lived commoners lived in villages on estates

The People Rich Egyptian Average Egyptian homes made of wood/brick along the Nile servants, artisans Average Egyptian farmers villages on estates of rich homes made of reeds or sunbaked mud. (built high to avoid the yearly flood) also built monuments, roads etc.

The Pharaoh Strong ruler = strength and unity of country King ---- Pharaoh (great house) Believed to be ruler priest god ruled on earth (not heaven)

What came with being a Pharaoh! owned all the land Egypt gave gifts of land to the rich built dams and irrigation canals for crop production storage granaries for food preservation chose all government officials word of Pharaoh was law traded with other countries

Rituals of Pharaoh people relied completely on Pharaoh started the planting season by opening the water dikes driving of the sacred bull rich soil first to cut the grain rich harvest Egyptians bowed before him, smelling earth

Pyramids way of showing respect to the Pharaoh called houses of eternity tombs west bank of Nile because sun went down buried with their personal belongings for happiness

Religious Beliefs Believed in many gods Hapi – river god Re - sun god water and good soil Re - sun god crops to grow Osiris – harvest & eternal life Isis – Wife of Osiris they ruled the underworld

Way down yonder … souls went to the underworld weighed on a scale spells, good life, scales balanced granted life after death Book of the Dead spell book

The Mummy…Whaaaaaa NO STINKY PHAROAHS ALLOWED embalming to preserve the bodies believed the soul could not live without the body covered body with a chemical called natron dried up all the bodies water causing it to shrink wrapped in linen after dried up How to Make A Mummy!

The Middle Kingdom 2300 B.C. Jealousy strikes Government wants to run the show 200 years of confusion for Egyptians Pharaohs regain control not as powerful no longer buried in pyramids/cliffs Egyptians began to look beyond their borders for trade

End of the Middle Kingdom Invaded by Hyksos in 1786 B.C. Western Asia horse drawn chariots weapons of bronze & iron Egyptians fought on foot weapons of copper and stone they lost

Fall of the Hyksos rules for about 150 years Egyptians hated them Prince Ahmose (Ah moo sa) led uprising using their weapons

The New Kingdom Prince Ahmose started pharaoh line again Egypt prospered Began taking their armies outside boundaries of the Nile Conquering neighboring lands Egyptian Empire

Religion of the New Kingdom New kingdom, new god Amon, god of Thebes Thebes becomes new capitol of Egypt Combine Amon with Re to make Amon-Re most powerful god of all

Pharaohs of the New Kingdom Hatshepsut Woman pharaoh not interested in war and expanding into other countries trade and building of new temples ivory, ebony, monkeys, dogs, leopard skin, incense The Pharaoh Queen Thutmose III stepson of Hatshepsut invaded Syria, Palestine

Temples of Amon-Re built by enslaved people also industrial centers artisans worked there boys trained to be scribes religious works,spells,charms,prayers record keepers

Egyptian Writing Hieroglyphics pictures stand for words or sounds painted or carved them on their monuments The Translator

Decline of Egypt priests began to take control away from pharaoh 1370 B.C. Amenhotep IV tried to regain full control closed all Amon-Re temples created a new religion and god- Aton changed his name to Akhenaton (spirit of Aton) not many followed

Tutankhamen aka “King Tut” took over after the death of his father-in-law Amenhotep died. He was nine years old; and married! Reverted back to Amon-Re Died at 18

Factors that brought an end to Egypt constant struggle for power between the priests and pharaohs pharaohs desire to conquer neighboring countries using money to import iron for weapons that other countries already had 671 B.C. Assyrians take them over

Egyptian Contributions Papyrus paper – made from flattened reeds ink – to write on the papyrus mathematical system based on 10 (metric) survey methods made a calendar based on the flooding of the Nile specialists in medicine splints, bandages, stitches, setting bones stomach ache-castor oil hair loss- dog toes, dates and donkey hoof

REFERENCES http://www.goegypt.org/images/program_pics/giza_sphinx.jpg