Chapter 1 Understanding Matter

Chemicals are found all around us Ex. Soap, bleach, windex, chlorine etc. Chemicals can be safe or dangerous ex. chlorine, lye Chemicals must be stored and disposed of in a safe way

WHMIS: workplace hazardous materials information system MSDS: material safety data sheets

Household Hazardous Safety Symbols:

Workplace Hazardous Material Information System (WHMIS):

Matter Has mass and takes up space Particle Theory of Matter All particles in a pure substance are the same There are spaces between particles Particles are always moving Particles of a substance are attracted to one another

States of Matter Solid: closely packed particles that move very little ex. Sugar Liquid: particles are further apart, particles move around ex. Milk Gas: loosely packed particles which move freely

Chemical Properties: describes how a substance reacts with another substance when forming a new substance. Physical Properties: any observable or measurable property without forming a new substance.

Qualitative Quantitative Chemical Properties Physical Properties Qualitative Characteristic that may be described but not measured. Quantitative Characteristic that can be measured numerically. Reacts with water Colour Melting point Reacts with air Texture Boiling point Reacts with pure oxygen Taste Density Reacts with acids Smell Viscosity Reacts with other pure substances State Solubility Toxicity Crystal shape Electrical conductivity Stability Malleability Heat conductivity Combustibility Ductility Hardness

Properties of Matter Physical: characteristics or qualities ex. Shape, color, state, freezing point, boiling point, texture, hardness, smell, magnetism, conductivity, flexibility, density Chemical: how substances react ex. change in color smell, temperature, ease of catching fire and burning, reactions, production of a new substance

Pure Substances and Mixtures Pure substance: made of only one type of particle, can not be separated into components, includes elements (oxygen) and compounds (water) ex. Distilled water, baking soda, sugar Mixture: contains more than one type of particle, can be separated into components, includes solutions (chocolate milk) and mechanical mixtures (muffins) ex. Juice, perfume, cookie dough

Pure Substance: made of only one kind of matter and has a unique set of properties (chemical and physical). e.g. mercury (element) and sugar (compound) Element: a material that cannot be broken down into any simpler substance. e.g. helium, oxygen. Compound: when two or more elements combine e.g. water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2).

Mixture: a combination of pure substances where the properties can vary depending on the quantities of the substances. Mechanical (Heterogeneous) Mixture: a mixture in which the different substances are visible. e.g. soil, cookie dough, vomit. Solution (Homogeneous): a mixture in which the different substances are not visible. e.g. kool aid, ice tea.