1. Introduction to Chemistry
Science 10
Introduction to Chemistry

2. Classification of Matter
ELEMENT
- Something which cannot be broken down any further
i.e. oxygen, hydrogen, iron
PURE SUBSTANCE
- All particles that make up the substance are the same
i.e. pure water, mercury, salt
COMPOUND
- When two or more elements are chemically combined
i.e. water, carbon dioxide
MATTER
Anything that has mass and occupies space
SOLUTIONS
- Have only one visible compound
i.e. coke, milk, alloys
MIXTURE
- A substance that contains two different pure substances or types of particles
i.e. milk, pizza, perfume
HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURES
- Contain two or more visible components
i.e. pizza, salad dressing, garbage

3. Physical Properties A physical property describes the substance i.e.
State
Hardness
Melting point
Boiling point
Odour
Solubility
Colour
Malleability
Ductility
Etc.

4. Chemical Property
A chemical property is how the substance reacts to form a new substance.
E.g.
How it reacts with acid
Flammability
Bleaching ability
Corrosion

5. Physical Change
is when the original substance does not turn into a new substance but does change form
i.e.
Ripping a piece of paper
Dissolving a salt
Melting ice

6. Chemical Change
When a substance changes from one substance into another
i.e.
Baking soda in acid
Iron exposed to oxygen
Combustion

7. How to Recognize a Chemical Change
Clues that a chemical change has occurred.
A new colour appears
Heat or light is given off
Bubbles of gas are formed
A precipitate (solid) forms in a liquid
The change is difficult to reverse

8. Chemical Tests
You can use chemical change to perform a chemical test to determine if a substance is present.
Glowing splint used to indicate if oxygen is present
A burning splint is used to indicate if hydrogen is present
Limewater can be used to indicate if carbon dioxide is present
Cobalt chloride paper can be used to indicate if water is present
A flame test can tell which type of metal is present
Flame test for Li

9. Homework
Read section 5.1
Answer pg. 178 #2-9