An Age of Limits Mr. Bermudez and Ms. Kypers

32:1 The Nixon Administration  Summarize Nixon’s plans to lead the nation on a more conservative course  Analyze Nixon’s efforts to win the support of Southern Democrats  Describe the steps Nixon took to battle stagflation  Examine the importance of Nixon’s visits to the Soviet Union and China

Nixon’s New Conservatism  New Federalism : Nixon’s plan to distribute a portion of federal power to the state and local governments.  Revenue Sharing : state and local governments could spend their federal dollars however they saw fit within certain limitations. AKA  State and Local Fiscal Assistance Act : 1972 law which enforced the revenue sharing.

Welfare Reform  Nixon viewed welfare as cumbersome and inefficient.  Family Assistance Plan : Every family of four with NO outside income would receive a basic federal check of $1,600 and could earn up to $4,000  Must take job training  Must accept any reasonable work offered to them  Failed due to lack of support

New Federalism Wears Two Faces  Needs to get support from Democrats in Congress  Supports increase in government spending for social programs  Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid  Tried to get rid of Job Corps, defund Housing and Urban Development (HUD), used Impoundment to not fund 100 programs- $15 billion

Law and Order Politics  Issues with Vietnam protests  Help the “silent majority”  Ordering wiretaps- Left wing/Democratic party members  “Personal enemies” list  Dissidents against government policies

Nixon’s Southern Strategy  Won by slim margin in 1968  Needs to build a stronger coalition  Southern Strategy : Attract southern conservative Democrats. Playing off unhappiness of with federal desegregation and liberal Supreme Court

Nixon Slows Integration  “There are those who want instant integration and those who want segregation forever. I believe we need to have a middle course between the two extremes”  Slowed integration in Mississippi and South Carolina  Violated Brown v. BOE II “with all deliberate speed”  NAACP filed suit and by % of south desegregated was 20% in 1969  Nixon opposed extension of Voting Rights Act 1965

Controversy Over Busing  Swan v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg : school districts may bus students to other schools to end pattern of all black and all white schools  “I am not against any individual child. I am not a racist, no matter what those high-and-mighty suburban liberals with their picket signs say. I just wont have my children bussed to some… slum school, and I don’t want children from God knows where coming over here.”

Battle Over Supreme Court  Warren Court is too liberal  Four Justices leave the bench for retirement  Need to change the face of Supreme Court by adding conservatives  Swings court in more conservative direction

26 th Amendment  Lowering voting age to 18 years old  Why?

America Walks on the Moon  July 20 th, 1969  Neil Armstrong  How would this event make Americans feel?

Walk on the Moon Project  Due Monday  Create a personal story of someone living in 1969  Create or use someone's personal story of what they were doing when the first man walked on the moon  Must have details of their life where they are from, what they do, why they do or do not feel it is significant  Must have a script written out  Video record the interview  You may work with ONE OTHER PERSON, or by yourself  Send all videos by Monday to

Confronting Stagnant Economy  Stagflation : between 1967 and 1973 nation had high inflation and high unemployment  Inflation caused by Vietnam War and social programs- deficit spending  Competition in international trade  Flood of new workers  Heavy dependence on foreign oil

Confronting Stagnant Economy  US gets oil from middle east  Part of OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)  1960’s cartel raises oil prices  1973 Yom Kippur War breaks out- Israel vs. Egypt and Syria  US supports Israel with massive military aid  OPEC cuts off all oil sale to the U.S=quadrupling price

Nixon Battles Stagflation  Raise taxes and cut spending- Congress did not agree  Raise interest rates = mild recession  Froze all wages and prices (slowed inflation)

Nixon’s Foreign Policy Triumphs  Nixon likes foreign affairs  Desire to gain peace with honor  Made advances in American-Soviet and American- Chinese relations

Kissinger and Realpolitik  Henry Kissinger : Nixon’s advisor for national security affairs, later Secretary of State  Realpolitik : “political realism” based on consideration of power, not on ideals or moral principles  Ends confrontational containment policy- recognizing communist governments  Détente: policy aimed at easing Cold War tensions one example is visit to China 1972

Nixon Visits China  USA never recognized China’s communist government  Nixon wanted to “seek the normalization of relations between the two countries”  Visit was a success with American public  Opened diplomatic and economic relations  Both agree to never dominate pacific and cooperate in settling disputes, scientific and cultural exchanges, reunite Taiwan with Mainland

Nixon Travels to Moscow  Nixon is the first American president in Soviet Union  Also a success with American public  Strategic Arms Limitations Talks (SALT) : Nixon and Brezhnev meet and sign SALT I Treaty which would limit the number of intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs)  “peace is at hand”

Watergate: Nixon’s Downfall Section 2  Analyze how Nixon and his advisors sought to increase the power of the presidency  Summarize the details of the Watergate burglary  Describe how the Watergate scandal was uncovered  Explain why the House Judiciary Committee voted to impeach Nixon and analyze the impact of Watergate on American politics

President Nixon and His White House