1. Goal 12 Part 1 Nixon / Ford / Carter

2. Nixon Administration (1968-1974) “Law & Order” politics - return America into a more “ordered” country - stop all of the student protests / etc. - to do this = sometimes illegal action took place (wire taps)

3. Nixon and New Federalism (YOU NEED TO KNOW THESE) New Federalism:*downsizing the power and strength of the federal government take the power out of the federal government and give it to the state and local governments Revenue Sharing Bill: (giving more financial freedom to local governments) state and local government can spend it anyway they want to (within reason)

4. Controversy over “Busing” ******************************************************** Swann Vs. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education (1971) - integration of schools through “BUSING” - Busses can drive students to other schools to end “patterns” of all white or all A.A. schools - RE-ENFORCING THE BROWN DECISION *Nixon HATES the Warren Court (Conservative) (LIBERAL)

5. Stagflation / Bad Economy / OPEC & Yom Kippur War Stagflation – high inflation and high unemployment (1967-1973 = War ? Coincidence???) Deficit Spending will pay for it (just like New Deal) Problem: U.S. depends on foreign oil TOO MUCH!!!!! (MIDDLE EAST) ****OPEC**** – Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries\ - Oil Cartel (organization)  1960s – this organization gradually raised oil prices  1973 - Yom Kippur War broke out (Egypt ATTACKS Israel)  America supports Israel – upsets other Arab countries and cuts off oil supplies to America through OPEC  OPEC in 1974 (quadrupled prices for U.S.) – hurt inflation even more!!!

6. Nixon’s Foreign Policy More flexible approach to Containment (Truman, Eisenhower, JFK, LBJ) DÉTENTE (Nixon’s foreign policy) PURPOSE: EASE COLD WAR TENSIONS between the two superpowers (still anti-communist) *First president to believe in détente

7. Nixon visits China and Soviet Union Nixon visits China THEN Soviet Union ****SALT I Treaty**** - Strategic Arms Limitation Talks signed in 1972 between the U.S. and S.U. (NIXON) Example of Détente

8. Watergate Scandal WATERGATE SCANDAL: - Nixon and helpers “SECRETLY” taped the Democrats by breaking into the Democratic Headquarters Result: NIXON & his VP Spiro Agnew RESIGNED! 1974 – 1,300 pages of “edited” transcripts - Investigators wanted the “Unedited” transcripts - Supreme Court “ORDERS” Nixon to release the unedited tapes “I am not a crook”

9. Effects / Results of Watergate “Executive Privileges” DO NOT EXIST American cynicism / skepticism against the federal government Nixon’s resignation Ford’s Presidency

10. Gerald Ford (3 Things) (1974 – 1976) Appointed president AFTER Nixon (ONLY President that WAS NOT elected!) (1) ***** Ford’s “PARDON” of Nixon ***** - pardon on ALL charges brought up on Nixon! (2) ***** Whip Inflation Now = W.I.N.***** - Asked Americans to “Cut back” on the use of oil and gas - UNSUCCESSFUL (3) **** Helsinki Accords (1975) **** - 35 countries, including the U.S., sign this to promote greater cooperation between Western and Eastern Europe (satellite nations)

11. Jimmy Carter (1976 -1980) “I will never tell a lie to the American people” DOMESTIC AGENDA: ENERGY!! National Energy Act – placed a tax on gas guzzling cars and urged American oil industries to find alternative sources of energy Effect: slightly reduced our dependence on foreign oil **********Not Reelected in 1980 because of the Iran Hostage Crisis*******************

12. Carter and Civil Rights Regents of University of California V. Bakke (1978) - AFFIRMATIVE ACTION PROGRAMS are legal *race and gender can be a factor but(no quotas) What is Affirmative Action? Side Effect??? ________________

13. Three Mile Island March, 1979, Nuclear reactor outside of Philadelphia melted down causing radiation leaks! (NUCLEAR ENERGY) * Worst NUCLEAR disaster in U.S. History RESULT : INCREASED “REGULATION” ON THE USE OF NUCLEAR ENERGY Nuclear Regulatory Act

14. Camp David Accords (1978) (BIGGEST ACCOMPLISHMENT) Peace talks with Egypt (Anwar el-Sadat) and Israel (Menechem Begin) and Carter Remember Yom Kippur War (Israel v. Egypt) Jimmy Carter – a way to ease confrontation in the between Egypt and Israel *First time Israel is going to be recognized by Egypt

15. SALT II Treaty (CARTER) Signed by Carter and Soviet Union Soviet Union “INVADES” Afghanistan U.S. Senate NEVER ratifies it Remember: SALT I Treaty = NIXON (Successful) SALT II Treaty = CARTER (Failure)

16. Iran Hostage Crisis (1979) Iranian revolution led by citizens 52 American hostages were taken Hostage crisis led by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini (Iranian revolutionary) *Carter supported the Iranian Government…not the rev.) Ronald Reagan (elected in 1980) helped release the hostages in 1981! *The IRAN HOSTAGE CRISIS caused Carter to not get reelected

17. NIXON FORD CARTER Nixon (1968-1974) (1) Law and Order (2) New Federalism & Revenue Sharing (3) Détente (4) Stagflation (5) OPEC / Yom Kippur War (6) SALT I Treaty (7) Watergate (executive privilege) Ford (1974-1976) (1) Pardon of Nixon (2) Whip Inflation Now (WIN) (3) Helsinki Accords Carter (1976-1980) (1) Energy (2) Camp David Accords (3) Iran Hostage Crisis