World History/Cultures Chapter 11 The French Revolution Section 2 Constitutional Government

 Chapter 11 Section 2  REFORMS OF NATIONAL ASSEMBLY  Feudal dues ended.  Nobles taxed. (some arrested)  All male citizens could hold office in government, church, army.  All people equal before the law.  Freedom of speech, press, religion.  Royal powers limited.  A National legislature established.  ALL Members now elected by the people.

POLITICAL GROUPS IN NATIONAL ASSEMBLY POLITICAL GROUPS IN NATIONAL ASSEMBLY GROUPPOSITION GROUPPOSITION Royalists-Favored a return to monarchy. Royalists-Favored a return to monarchy. Moderates-Open to some change but satisfied with new Constitution (limited monarchy). Moderates-Open to some change but satisfied with new Constitution (limited monarchy). Radicals-Wanted a complete republic (no king). Radicals-Wanted a complete republic (no king).

 #1 st Constitution: Declaration of the Rights of Man & Citizen, August 1789:  Based on American Dec. of Independence & Constitution & English Bill of Rights.  Written by National Assembly.  French Constitution today.  Included ideas of Enlightenment thinkers. * Freedom of speech, press & religion.  Protected against arbitrary arrest & punishment.  Did not grant women equal rights-changes: divorce easier & can inherit property.

 Civil Constitution of the Clergy, 1790:  Placed the French Church under government control.  Clergy became elected, salaried officials.  Church lands taken over by government.  Caused a deep rift between French govt and Rome.  Pope Pius VI condemned Civil Constitution.

 2 nd Constitution (of 1791)  A New Constitution is presented by National Assembly: Constitution of 1791  Kept monarchy but limits royal powers.  Sets up a Unicameral (1 House) legislature.  Males who paid tax could vote.

 Constitution of 1791 con’t  Moderates pleased as their goals of basic rights & limited monarchy guaranteed. People not happy as reforms went too far or not enough.  Political groups divided.  Violence erupts between groups. A breakdown of law & order.

 Spring France Declares War On Austria  French émigrés (RICH FRENCH NOBLES) fled France & wanted monarchy restored.  Tried to convince Monarch in Austria that they should help stop revolution. AND SEND TROOPS!  French Revolutionary leaders feared Austria would help reinstate Louis XVI & declared war ON AUSTRIA.  September Massacres- Paris mobs killed imprisoned nobles & clergy.

Valmy

September Massacres

 Spring France Declares War On Austria  Radicals took over National Assembly - National Convention to create new constitution.  Extended vote to all males even if not property owners.  Ideas of Revolution spread to other countries. Other monarchs wanted Louis XVI restored to throne.

 Divisions in National Assembly Review:  Royalists wanted ______________returned to the throne. Moderates wanted to keep a limited______________. Radicals wanted a ___________________.