For Starters Using the timeline on pgs write and answer the following: 1.) When does the first election in the United States take place? Who wins? 2.) What did the Articles of Confederation create? 3.) What did the Constitution of 1787 create?

For Starters Read the American Profile of James Madison on pg.208 then answer the question in bold

FOR STARTERS: “Connecting to History” Read “A Coin for Every State” on pg.216 then answer the question in bold

FOR STARTERS Analyzing Primary Sources: Read Patrick Henry’s Speech on pg.219 then answer questions 1-3 under the practicing the skills

For Starters Summary list 3 key terms you learned list 2 important people you learned about list 1 plan or compromise you learned about

For Starters Quiz: Independent study & organize notes

CONTENT OBJECTIVES: Read and use informational tools, including: charts, diagrams, photographs, tables Explain why the Constitution was written Identify the principles of the Bill of Rights.

LANGUAGE OBJECTIVES: Fulfill the content objectives by drawing a map, taking notes, and viewing pictures and photos.

CREATING A REPUBLIC KEY TERMS: Execute Constitution Cede Currency Depression Compromise Republic Dictatorship Habeas Corpus Amend

EXECUTE

CONSTITUTION

CEDE VIRGINIA HAD TO CEDE ITS LANDS WEST OF THE MOUNTAINS TO MAKE SMALLERS STATES HAPPY

CURRENCY THE AMERICAN DREAM??

DEPRESSION

COMPROMISE

REPUBLIC

DICTATORSHIP

HABEAS CORPUS

AMEND

A LOOSE CONFEDERATION

State Constitutions After the Revolution was over, the states wrote their own Constitutions Virginia included a “Bill of Rights” (basic rights for all citizens) All states had judicial (courts) and legislative (Congress) branches of governments Most states had executive branch (governor)

Creating a National Government Congress ratified the Articles of Confederation in 1777 This was the first U.S. Constitution It created a very loose alliance of 13 independent states

The Articles of Confederation Each state had one vote in the federal government’s Congress Nine states had to approve laws passed by Congress No system of courts States had more power than the federal government

WEAKNESSES OF THE ARTICLES 1.Conflicts between states Central government had no power to resolve problems between the states 2.Money problems Congress had to ask the states for money (no real power to tax) 3.Other nations took advantage Britain refused to remove troops from the Ohio River Valley government couldn’t raise an army to get rid of them

ADMITTING NEW STATES Land Ordinance of 1785: –Divided Northwest Territory (page 203) into townships Northwest Ordinance: –Set up government in these territories –Once a territory had 60,000 settlers, it could apply for statehood

OTHER CAUSES OF FAILURE Farmer’s Revolt: A depression caused farmers to revolt in Shays’ Rebellion in Massachusetts Constitutional Convention called in Philadelphia in 1787 to “revise” the Articles

Tree map: Articles Of Confederation Cat#1 = “what it is” Cat#2 = “States” Cat#3 = “Weaknesses”

THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION Met in May 1787 George Washington elected President of the Convention Other participants included Ben Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison

Outcome of the Convention Delegates decided to keep their talks private Delegates decided to write a brand new Constitution James Madison “Father of the Constitution”

TWO RIVAL PLANS Virginia Plan: –Called for three branches of government –Representation according to population New Jersey Plan: –Called for three branches –Representation equal between states Great Compromise: –Three branches –Bicameral legislature: Senate had equal representation, House of Representatives based on population

CONSTITUTION BECOMES LAW Delegates signed the Constitution on September 17, 1787 Would not become law until 1789 when states ratified the document George Washington became the first president in 1789

LAST MINUTE DETAILS Before the Constitution became law, there was debate on whether to add a “Bill of Rights” Federalists believed that Constitution gave the government strong powers and already protected people’s rights Antifederalist's believed the government was given too much power and the people’s rights weren’t guaranteed

A BILL OF RIGHTS After the states had approved the Constitution and George Washington became President, Congress turned its attention to a Bill of Rights Through the amendment process, the first ten amendments (Bill of Rights) was added to the Constitution

VA. PLAN N.J. PLAN TWO RIVAL PLANS