Wednesday, March 5 th : “A” Day Thursday, March 6 th : “B” Day Agenda  Collect labs: “Polymers and Toy Balls”  Organic chemistry overview  Movie: “Carbon: The Element of Life” (25 min)  Homework: Pg. 686: #2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 15 Pg. 695: #1, 3 Next time: Organic Overview Quiz Chapter 6 review work day

Lab: “Polymers and Toy Balls”  Questions/Problems?  Make sure your table of contents is updated!  Make sure your data table is labeled with units!  Put in lab folder and put folder in bin…

Organic Chemistry Overview  As a chemistry teacher, I felt that I couldn’t leave Chapter 6: “Covalent Compounds” without talking a little bit about carbon and it’s many compounds…

Properties of Carbon 1.Carbon almost always forms covalent bonds. 2.Even a single covalent bond between 2 carbon atoms is quite strong. 3.Carbon compounds are not extremely reactive under ordinary conditions. 4.Because carbon can form up to 4 single bonds, a wide variety of compounds is possible.

Allotropes of Carbon  As an element, carbon atoms can form different bonding arrangements, or allotropes.  “Buckminsterfullerene” was named in honor of architect and designer Buckminster Fuller, whose geodesic domes had a similar shape.

Additional Allotropes of Carbon  In 1991, nanotubes were discovered.  Nanotubes are hexagons of carbon atoms made to form a hollow cylinder.  Nanotubes have a diameter about 10,000 times smaller than a human hair, but are between 10 and 100 times stronger than steel by weight.  Carbon black and charcoal are other allotropes of carbon.

Organic Compounds  Most compounds of carbon are referred to as organic compounds.  Organic compounds contain carbon and most also contain atoms of hydrogen.  Many other elements, like oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus and the halogens can also bond with carbon.  There are more known compounds of carbon than compounds of all the other elements combined!

Hydrocarbons  Compounds that contain ONLY carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons.  Alkane: Simplest hydrocarbon Carbon atoms connected by single bonds Example: Ethane, C 2 H 6 Lewis Structure:

Hydrocarbons  Alkene: Contain at least 1 double bond between 2 carbon atoms Example: Ethene, C 2 H 4 Lewis Structure:  Alkyne: Contain at least 1 triple bond between 2 carbon atoms Example: Ethyne, C 2 H 2 Lewis Structure:

Carbon Atoms can Form Rings  Since carbon atoms like to bond with each other, they can also form ring structures. Butane Cyclobutane

Carbon Atoms can Form Rings  Benzene is an aromatic ring structure with the formula C 6 H 6.  Even though benzene has alternating double bonds between the carbon atoms, experiments have shown that all the carbon-carbon bonds are the same.  Benzene is a molecule with resonance structures, that is called an “aromatic ring”.

Saturated/Unsaturated Hydrocarbons  Saturated hydrocarbon: an organic compound formed only by carbon and hydrogen linked by single bonds. (The carbon atoms are “saturated” or “filled” with hydrogen atoms)  Unsaturated hydrocarbon: a hydrocarbon in which not all carbon atoms have 4 single covalent bonds. Alkenes and alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons.

Polymers  Monomer: a small molecule than can combine with other monomers to form a polymer. (monomer + monomer = polymer)  Polymer: any of numerous natural and synthetic compounds of unusually high molecular weight consisting of up to millions of repeated linked units, each a relatively light and simple molecule

Other Organic Compounds  Hydrocarbons are only 1 class of organic compounds.  Other classes of organic compounds include other atoms like oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorous, and the halogens, along with carbon and usually hydrogen.  Functional Group: the portion of a molecule that is active in a chemical reaction and that determines the properties of many organic compounds.

Some Common Functional Groups

Movie: “Carbon: The Element of Life”  Complete the front side of the worksheet as you watch the movie.  The back side is homework…

Homework  Pg. 686: #2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 15  Pg. 695: #1, 3 Looking Ahead: Chapter Test/Concept Review Due: Thursday, March 13 th : “A” Day Friday, March 14 th : “B” Day