1. Organic Chemistry
Ms.Marshall
WW-P
2015

2. Organic Chemistry
Branch of chemistry that focuses on the study of carbon-containing compounds
Wöhler: disproved the “vital force” theory in 1828.
What is the “vital force” theory?
Late 18th and 19th centuries
A mysterious property of living things that was necessary for the formation of organic compounds

3. Hydrocarbons Compounds that contain ONLY carbon and hydrogen
Simplest class: Alkanes
Saturated
Can be straight-chain (aka normal) or branched
IUPAC naming rules must be followed
These MUST be MEMORIZED!!

4. Alkane Naming Practice
Answers: top left – butane; top right 2-methylheptane; bottom left - 5-ethyl-3,5-trimethyloctane

5. Alkane Naming Practice
Draw the structural formula for alkanes with the following names.

6. Alkenes & Alkynes Unsaturated hydrocarbons
ene = a double bond is present
yne = a triple bond is present
Can be straight-chain (aka normal) or branched
Naming rules need to be followed – see your textbook

7. Isomers (Structural Isomers)
Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different molecular structures
Structural isomers
Compounds that have the same molecular formula, but the atoms are joined together in a different order
Physical properties and chemical reactivity are different

8. Isomers (Stereoisomers)
Molecules in which the atoms are joined in the same order, but the positions of the atoms in space are different
2 types
Geometric
optical

9. Isomers (Stereoisomers)
Geometric isomers
Atoms joined in the same order, but differ in the orientation of groups around a double bond
2 configurations: trans and cis
Trans – groups are on opposite sides of the double bond
Cis – groups are on the same side of the double bond
Groups attached to the double bond do not have to be the same

10. Cycloalkanes Carbon atoms bond in a ring
Names of cycloalkanes must begin with the prefix cyclo-

11. Aromatic
An organic compound that contains a benzene ring or other ring in which the bonding is similar to benzene

12. Functional Groups Functional group
A specific arrangement of atoms in an organic compound that is capable of characteristic chemical reactions.
We can use functional groups to classify compounds
The symbol R represents any carbon chains or rings attached to the functional group
Double and triple bonds are also considered functional groups because they are chemically reactive